The Japanese Setting

Japan's …with the oil-producing countries of the Mideast is an … of how this relationship worked. Japan's economy relies heavily on oil, which Japan has had tо import, largely from the Mideast. Yet, for many years Japan did not … an active diplomacy among the oil-producing nations of the Mideast. Instead it … … the United States to undertake that diplomacy for it. In the early 1970s, the Arab states made it clear that they were prepared … … oil tо challenge the United States and its allies. The Arabs singled out Japan as а target state. Nakasone Yasuhiro, then minister … … … and industry, urged that Japan establish ties with the Arab states tо work out their differences, but Foreign Ministry officials opposed him. Their argument was that if Japan … … … an independent diplomacy, the United States would be free of the onus of looking out for Japan.

After the war, by the mid-1960s Japan had rebuilt its national strength enough so that some Americans accused it of being а "free rider." The assumption was that Japan and the United States were going … … … direction — their interests were identical. By the late 1970s, with the tremendouseconomic … of Japan, Japanese would not even put forward funds sufficient tо maintaintheir own defense. The age of magnanimity was over when the Americans … … about government action to force Japan into assuming international responsibility. By the 1980s Japanese were rethinking their role in the world. They had concluded that they must be more …. They were no longer willing to accept American condescension.

1. growth; 2. relied on; 3. were tо establish; 4. conduct; 5. dealings; 6. active; 7. tо use; 8. in the same; 9. example; 10. of international trade; 11. began talking;

EXERCISE3. Practice your abilities in discussion.

Read the article to find out the main ideas. Discuss the text, expressing agreements or disagreements, exclamations, additions as well as summarizing your ideas (for the purpose use the material of section 2). Then retell it.

1. to utter - выражать, излагать

2. forthcoming - приближающийся

3. to nap - дремать

4. deadpan - невыразительный, каменный

5. to attach - прикреплять, присоединять

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