Define the type of the predicates and translate the sentences into English.

1. The Constitution asserts that Ukraine is a sovereign, legal state.

2. The people are the only source of power.

3. Every working person should pay taxes.

4. You don’t have to travel from village to village, we have enough to see here.

5. He wanted to display exhibits that represent Ukrainian culture.

6. They began to introduce a new technology of water purification.

7. You can take a look at what I have bought.

8. You are a person who always makes fun of everything I say.

9. Undoubtedly, this emblem was a mark of authority.

10. In the course of history various types of flags were used.

11. We are not capable to understand how it will function under the existing conditions.

10. Fill in the necessary preposition.

1. The question associated ­___ the origin has not been studied yet.

2. The Ukrainian State Anthem is ___ quite recent origin.

3. It was done ___ behalf of the Ukrainian people.

4. The citizens have equal rights ___ the law.

5. This television company is accountable ___ the President.

6. The Cabinet fulfils the program ___ the economic and cultural development.

7. Yellow and blue also appeared ___ the coat of arms.

8. The national emblem alternated during the history owing ___ various political, social and other factors.

9. This company deals ___ all the financial problems of the region.

10.The economy suffers ___ lacking appropriate amount of money necessary for its development.

11.The members of parliament voted ___ favour ___ increasing taxes on cigarettes and alcohol.

12.The head of the department was accused ___ taking bribes from politicians.

UKRAINE: GENERAL PROFILE

— 1. Work in pairs. Discuss the following points:

1. What do you know about the geographical position of Ukraine?

2. What do you know about its climate, relief, the most important rivers and seas?

3. How would you describe its nature and terrain?

& 2. Read the text. Give your special attention to the vocabulary to be competent in further exercises and discussions.

Location: Ukraine issituated in the eastern Europe bordering the Black Sea between Poland and Russia and borders with Belarus (on the North), Russia (on the North and East) Moldova and Rumania (on the South and West), Hungary, Slovakia and Poland (on the West). The Black and the Azov seas separate the country from Russia and Turkey. Because of its favourable geographical location in the centre of Europe and the well-developed net of the air, railway, sea and motor transport, Ukraine is a transit country for passengers and cargoes from different countries.

Area total: 603,700 sq. km. It is larger than France, Spain, Sweden and Poland.

Capital city: Kyiv with 2,629,300 inhabitants occupies 800 sq. km.

Population: around 48 million people. Ukraine is the fifth most populated country in Europe. The majority of people live in cities or towns, the urban population makes up 66 %, more than 30% of the population live in the rural areas. The average density of the population is 85 people per one sq. km.

Climate: it is temperate continental apart from the Crimea where it is subtropical and Mediterranean-like. Precipitation is distributed disproportionally, highest in the west and north, lesser in the east. Summer is warm, sunny and green across the greater part of the country, with occasional showers and thunderstorms. Autumn is ablaze with colours. Winter is mild varies from cool to cold with no severe frosts but with regular snowfalls everywhere except the south. The average winter temperature varies: -20 degrees Centigrade in the north to -3/-5 degrees in the south.

Terrain: most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, Ukrainian rich black soil brought the country its fame of one of the biggest producers of the winter wheat and sugar beets. Ukraine is traditionally an agricultural area. It grows wheat, maize, buckwheat, corn, red and green vegetables, all kinds of fruit, melons and berries. Ukraine is one of the world’s main centre of sugar production. Mountains are found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south.

Elevation extremes: the lowest point: the Black Sea – 0 m, the highest points: Hoverla Mountain – 2,061 m (the Carpathians), Roman-Kosh – 1,545 m (the Crimea).

Rivers: the most significant are the Dnipro, the Dniester, the Southern Bug, the Prypyat, and the Desna. The Dnipro is the major river in the country and the third longest in Europe.

Nature: Ukraine is a land of spectacular nature, much of which has been virtually untouched since ancient times. Fields, meadows, hills are dotted with green forests. Ukraine has mostly coniferous and deciduous trees: pine, oak, fir, beech, birch, aspen, poplar, elm, ash, linden, maple, willow, hornbeam. Mountains and valleys full of beautiful flowers create the unique landscape of the country.

Wild life: it is presented by the animal species still remain. Mammals include: deer, brown bears, wild cats, pigs, roes, hamsters, beavers, martens, elks. Birds include: sparrow, black vulture, steppe eagle, gray heron, grouse, partridge, titmouse. Fish include: perch, bream, pike, carp.

Natural resources: the country has rich reserves of iron and manganese ores, of bitumen and coal; Ukraine possesses the deposits of natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, nickel, mercury, timber, mineral salts, clay and potential water power.

Ethnic groups: the Ukrainian people are indigenous to Ukraine and have lived on its territory for thousands of years. Ukrainians account for approximately 73% of the total population of Ukraine, then comes Russians (22%), Belarusians, Moldavians, Poles, Tartars, Armenians, Bulgarians, Greeks, Jews, Roma, Romanians and others. The Ukrainian language (belongs to the Slavic group) is the official language of the country, though Russian is widely spread in the Crimea, in the Eastern and the Southern areas; Romanian, Polish, Hungarian languages can also be found in Ukraine. People in Ukraine are benevolent, light-hearted, hospitable, and generous.

Religions: Ukraine is a poly-confessional state, traditionally the people of Ukraine belong to the Orthodox Church and the Greek-Orthodox Church (Catholic with Orthodox Rite). Orthodoxy is Ukraine’s historical and traditional confession. But Latin Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism, Islam and numerous other religious denominations are spread in this country.

Holidays: main national holiday – Independence Day; other holidays: New Year’s Day, Christmas (Orthodox), International Women’s Day, Labour Day, Victory Day, Easter, Constitution Day.

Government type: republic, Constitutional Democracy.

Head of State: President

Legislative power: Verkhovna Rada (Supreme Council).

Executive power: Cabinet of Ministers

Currency: Ukrainian Hryvnia. The 2^nd of September, 1996 was a historic date in the life of the country. It was the day when the hryvnia became operational.

Administrative divisions: 24 regions (oblasti), 1 autonomous republic of Crimea.

Suffrage: 18 years of age universal.

1. Where is Ukraine situated and what countries does it border with?

2. How is the population in Ukraine territorially located?

3. What is characteristic to Ukrainian climate and relief?

4. What do you know about Ukrainian rivers, nature and wild life?

5. What natural resources are available on the territory of Ukraine?

6. What ethnic groups and religions are there in Ukraine?

7. What holidays are celebrated in this country?

8. What do you know about the state system of Ukraine?

3. Explain the meanings of the following words and word combinations and use them to speak about Ukraine:

1. inhabitants 7. plateaus

2. urban population 8. elevation

3. precipitation 9. a poly-confessional state

4. density of population 10. indigenous

5. virtually untouched 11. operational

6. to be dotted with 12. religious denominations

4. Translate into Ukrainian and use in your own sentences:

a transit country, extremely diverse, average density, to ablaze with, terrain, a variety of, elks, coniferous, deciduous, beech, hornbeam, grouse, titmouse, partridge, perch, bream, benevolent and light-hearted people, fertile plains, meadows, spectacular landscape, valleys, indigenous, to account for, to make up, prevalent, denomination (money), denominations (religions), confession, operational, portable water.

5. Translate into English:

бути розташованим, межувати з, помірно-континентальний, опади, родючий, бути розповсюдженим, липа, ясень, клен, осина, види тварин, лось, косуля, багаті запаси руди, поклади корисних копалин, різноманітні традиції, нараховувати, вражаючої краси природа, висота (над рівнем моря), складати 50 відсотків, місцевий (характерний), віросповідання, монети малої вартості, фактично, палати кольорами, доброзичливий, веселий, щедрий (про людей).

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