Ex. 3. Fill in the gaps with the suitable words or word combinations

1. The word lobbying _________ the seventeenth century, when interested persons would corner legislators _________ room of the legislature — the lobby.

2. You can influence elected officials _________ your opinions individu­ally or as part of a group, either in person or by letter or phone.

3. They must also indicate how much money they __________ for their lobbying work and how much they have spent lobbying (for example, the costs of organizing grass-roots letter-writing campaigns).

4. Demonstration of grass-roots support by large numbers of citizen’s __________ effective lobbying technique.

5. __________ contributors to politi­cal campaigns may have greater access to legislators and greater in­fluence __________vote on certain issues.

6. However, an outpouring of citizen opposition influenced many senators not to support her nomination, and President Clinton her name.

7. Many legislators the offense as a minor technical violation of the law.

8. However, others argue that lobbying is an part of American democracy.

9. A president only tells what they should do. Lobbyists tell what they will do.

a. over how they;

b. have been paid;

c. Congress;

d. comes from;

e. integral;

f. is a very;

g. them;

h. it is true that;

i. by expressing;

j. in the outer waiting;

k. withdrew;

l. dismissed;

m. grass-roots.

Ex. 4. Answer the questions:

1. Is lobbying a basic right protected by Constitution?

2. What is the difference between citizen lobbyists and professional lobbyists?

3. What companies use lobbyists more then others?

4. How did the nominated by the Bill Clinton corporate lawyer break the law?

5. What must those who lobby the federal government do?

6. Why did Clinton withdraw the corporate lawyer’s name?

7. Why do some critics argue that lobbying is an integral part of American democracy?

8. What does the National Rifle Association employ lob­byists for?

Ex. 5. True or false:

1. Lobbying is a crime in Russia.

2. Lobbying is giving a bribe to someone.

3. There are two groups of lobbyists the first group are professional lobbyists, and the second group are citizen lobbyists.

4. Tobacco and Weapon companies and associations which often use lobbying services.

5. Only rich people can be the lobbyists.

6. In 1992, there were more than ten thousand professional lobbyists in New York.

7. Many citizens argue that lobbying is an integral part of American democracy.

8. Professional lobbyists have less money, than citizen lobbyists, but they have an advantage over citizen lobby­ists because they know leg­islators and their staffs personally.

9. Professional lobbyists are hired by federal, state and local legislators to influence businesses and organizations.

10. The word lobbying comes from the seventh century.

Ex. 6. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Лоббирование – это путь влиять на законотворческий процесс с помощью убеждения.

2. Многие критики системы лоббирования говорят, что это дает возможность людям и бизнесу покупать закон.

3. Многие считают, что использование денег и влияния – это законный путь для групп, чтобы сделать их взгляды услышанными.

4. Лоббирование – неотъемлемая часть американской демократии.

5. Национальная Ассоциация Винтовки использует лоббирование, чтобы выступить против ограничений права собственности на оружие и его использование.

6. Профессиональные лоббисты часто имеют преимущество над гражданскими лоббистами, потому что у них много денег, и они знают законодателей и их штат лично.

7. Излияние массовой оппозиции повлияло на многих сенаторов не поддерживать кандидатуру генерального прокурора, и президент Клинтон отозвал ее.

Ex. 7.Role-play:

The first person is a lobbyist, the second person is an opponent. The lobbyist is trying to defend the right to own firearms and gets votes of other members of the group.

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