Perhaps the most visible and important ____ on an­other is the courts' power of judicial review.

6. The federal government's powers __________ are listed in the Constitution, and the remaining powers are reserved for the states.

7. This is because they __________ the belief that they should not be changed without careful thought, discussion, and de­bate.

8. A proposed amendment _____________ either by two thirds of both houses of Congress or at a convention called by two thirds of the states.

9. Since 1789 various amendment ___________ voting right to minorities, women and persons aged 18 to 20.

10. One of the proposed constitutional amendment ___________ the federal government of US to adopt a balanced budget.

a. to make laws;

b. cannot be taken;

c. is more important;

d. were drafted with;

e. check of one branch;

f. is a way to;

g. was designed to.

h. would require;

i. must be approved;

j. have extended.

Ex. 4.Answer the questions:

1. Are there some differences between three branches of government?

2. Why was the system of checks and balances designed?

3. Can a court void any law passed by Congress?

4. Can local governments pass criminal or civil laws?

5. Do all states have their own Constitution?

6. When was the Constitution of the US ratified?

7. In what case is a propose amendment considered as approved?

8. Can state guarantee persons greater rights than they have under the Constitution?

9. Witch document contains the people’s freedoms and lists the government’s powers?

10.How do we call the division of power between the states and the federal government?

Ex. 5. True or false:

1. The Constitution is the main law of the country.

2. All three branches of power are depending on each other.

3. Local governments can’t pass any laws without federal government.

4. The US Constitution is the biggest Constitution in the world.

5. President doesn’t have the right of veto without being approved by The Congress.

6. The most common reason to change the Constitution is extending rights, witch were not written in Laws

7. The Bill of Rights prohibited discrimination on the basis of sex.

8. The difficulty in changing the Constitution depends on the necessity of careful thought and discussion of the amendments.

9. The judicial branch of the government issues rules and executive orders which possess the force of law.

10. A Court has a right to void any law passed by Congress in case of its conflicts with existing laws.

Ex. 6.Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Конституция формулирует закон и устанавливает структуру правительства. Помимо законодательных органов, законодателями могут выступать – избиратели, административные единицы и суды.

2. Лоббирование – это способность влиять на законодательный процесс

3. Разделение властей предусматривает, что законодательная власть - издает законы, исполнительная власть – может выпускать правила и распоряжения, которые зачастую имеют силу закона, судебная власть – интерпретирует изданные законы.

4. Федерализм – это разделение власти, согласно которому области, соединенное в одно государство сохраняют в большей или меньшей степени свою самостоятельность.

5. Чтобы понять процесс законотворчества необходимо понять Конституцию, которая является наивысшим законом страны.

6. Эта система была спроектирована, чтобы одна ветвь власти не стала слишком сильной и не злоупотребляла своей властью.

7. Предложенный законопроект должен быть одобрен 2/3 –ми обеих палат Конгресса или собранием по инициативе 2/3-х штатов.

8. Закон о Правах определяет и гарантирует основные права и свободы всех Американцев, включая свободу вероисповедания, слова, печати и другие права.

9. Необходимость расширения прав часто обусловлена изменениями во взглядах граждан и избираемых ими представителей.

Ex. 7. Role-play:

All members of the group discus the positions of the Russian Constitution and try to propose new positions which they want to see in this document.

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