Introduction.

The first and main question: Where does “the peaceful atom” come from?

Long before the end of the Second World War, during Hitlerism, Germany worked actively on the creation of the so-called “ weapon of punishment”. This was also a weapon using the energy of the atomic nucleus for military purposes. The fascists were very close to their achievement. Nevertheless, fortunately, they were not in time!

The fissile material of these bombs was uranium 235 for Hiroshima, and plutonium 239 for Nagasaki. This last material does not exist in the nature. It is possible to obtain plutonium during the nuclear reaction taking place in a nuclear reactor. It is exactly for this purpose that nuclear reactors were created! In addition, if somebody will convince you, that they were created for «peaceful purposes”, do not trust your ears.

In 1976 the main designer of graphite reactors Dollezhal wrote (see [4], page 105-106): “the Siberian nuclear power plant is a classical example of the use, for the production of electric power, of the heat, produced during the production of plutonium. The principal costs spent on this NPP, were covered by the value of the obtained plutonium “ (underlined by authors).

It is very probable that without a clearly expressed interest of militaries, so-called “peaceful reactors» would never have appeared. Many facts testify to the fact that they are not so peaceful, and that their neighbourhood is not so pleasant and safe for us.

Nevertheless, for war everything was realised, with no consideration even that life on earth became more and more hostage to these military ambitions. Consequently, these “poisonous fruits” of the military hysteria, have not appeared by free will on Earth.

However, by 1986, all reactors of the world had operated only about 5.000 reactor-years, and the number of accidents was already estimated in hundreds. And three large among them:

Accident in Windscale (now Sellafield) NPP in England in 1957, accident in Three Mile Island NPP (USA) in 1979 and the largest, the accident in the Chernobyl NPP in 1986. This does not include the numerous accidents in military and civil ship reactors which were “restricted”, in spite of the destruction of thousand of people, and many hundred billions dollars as material damages.

After the Chernobyl catastrophe, which has befallen Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, and transformed almost the fourth part of territory of Belarus in a “test-site” for the ability of a whole nation to survive under conditions of a heavy contamination by “peaceful atom”, the last belief in the peaceful character of atomic energy, have dissolved all over the world. Academician P.L.Kapitsa in his statement concerning the NPP very precisely expressed this new understanding: “a nuclear bomb producing electricity».

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