The Consequences of nuclear accidents.

We already spoke that accidents at nuclear power plants is more the rule, than exception. Simply, those which managed to be hidden, looks like and do not exist. Moreover, up to Chernobyl we heard only about one accident on one nuclear power plant Three – Mile Island in the USA in 1978. Similar, that it was not possible to hide it, about it have found out all over the world. In addition, it is more like and there were no more accidents anywhere. Whether it is so?

As an example, we shall consider one of not the most “emergency” reactors – a reactor in Windscale (now Sellafield) NPP in the Great Britain. In 1957 on this reactor, there was a fire. Besides on the nuclear power plant there were some serious leakages of radioactive materials: for 4 years the container with radioactive materials leaked – 50.000 Curie got into soil (1976), four accidents in 1979 including 2 fires, – is thrown out 100.000 Curie. In 1983 – emergency sea dumping of radioactive waste that has resulted in closure of aboriginal beaches for 9 months. In 1982, compensation fixed, and more than 500.000 pounds sterling are repaid to families of the workers died from cancer. However, even despite of it the company has not recognized the responsibility for cancer diseases.

The author of the book «The Whitehall nightmare» C.Aubrey Thorp [33] marked, that accident in Windscale has resulted 100 lethal cases of a cancer. However, similar, that the pitiable history of this NPP was not finished.

After accident on the nuclear power plant Three-Mile-Island (USA) frequency of malignant neoplasms, including a cancer of lungs and leukaemia, at workers of NPP and the population living nearby has increased. It has been proved, that, it is stipulated by a radiation emergency dose. The population of nearby places has filed action in court, which because of a brutal position of atomic lobbyists – lawyers for more than decade cannot solve this abundantly clear question.

Obstinate resistance of atomic lobbyists to de jure recognition of their guilt frequently looks strange and not so serious. Sometimes it happened, that in such trifles they did not want to yield the demand. However, it only seems frivolous. You have sued, for example, about compensation of Chernobyl damage. And suddenly (there are miracles!) have satisfied your claim. Then in fact your neighbour or comrade will demand equity for himself. In legal language, it is named as “precedent”. Moreover, when there is a precedent, to the next person it is already easier to achieve the truth. Nevertheless, in fact there are many “offended” atomic lobbyists. Only in Belarus more than two millions person, have legal claims to the state for non-disbursement to them under the Chernobyl Law of what they have a right. That is a problem: concede to one, everyone will come. In addition, between atomic lobbyists of different countries as though there is a private arrangement - not to yield to anybody.

By the way, do you know, how deep our state has already get into debt to people, suffered from Chernobyl? You will never guess. More than three billions of dollars! Over head and ears in debt and still torn to build and for itself nuclear power plants!

From set of known accidents and catastrophes, Chernobyl accident was the greatest on scales and consequences. Besides numerous other factors, it has revealed also the uttermost absence of any legislative acts that would provide protection of life and health of victims, their social protection. Only through five years after Chernobyl accident in Belarus, the first in Soviet Union Law «About social protection of citizens, victims of catastrophe on the Chernobyl nuclear power plant» [34] has been accepted.

It is known, that consequences of nuclear catastrophes extend on many hundreds and thousand years. However, already on the fourth year from time of adoption in 1991 of the Chernobyl Law, that is 1.09.1995, its basic articles have practically stopped to work. By the way, they were cancelled not by the Law, but by the Decree, that contradicts any standards: either Belarusian, neither international. To tell the truth, in the Decree has been written, “not cancel”, and “to suspend”. However, for us «there is small choice in rotten apples». Even after solution of the Constitutional Court that has recognized illegality of this Decree, the new Decree appeared (written and oral), demanding to consider it is as obligatory to executing by all structures of the state. That is true: «someone rush in where angels fear to tread!»

Extremely important conclusion can be made of all worded: the country which is roughly offending against the laws and standards of the international law, country, not capable to defend the citizens from consequences of already occurred nuclear catastrophe, has no right even to start talk about building of nuclear objects on its territory.

System of compensation of the economic damage caused by possible accidents on the nuclear power plant actually is absent. The international and national atomic right in the countries having nuclear power plants provides rather circumscribed compensation at the expense of means of the operator of the nuclear power plant. In Germany, for example the maximal dimension of disbursement is around 150 million Euro (180 million US dollars). But what does it mean, if to take into account, that only for Belarus the Chernobyl damage counting upon the 30-years term of overcoming of its consequences has constituted 235 billion US dollars that [35] are equal to 32 budgets of Belarus in 1985. It is visible, anybody and never could introduce to himself, that it is necessary to deal with such accident and with such huge damage.

The damage put by all nuclear power plants for all time of their work, on the estimated data compounds about 600 billion US dollars. Counting upon each unit with capacity of 1000 MW 1,74 billion US dollars are necessary. If to take into account this damage in technological final pays and to effect deductions for this sum in an international insurance fund, it would be quite reasonable, rather essential additive to cost of each reactor is obtained.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14