Economic consequences of inadequate income

108. the haves noun = people who have enough money and possessions

109. the have-nots noun = people who do not have money and possessions: the division between the haves and the have-nots

110. impoverished people/families/areas/countries wf from poor – poverty – impoverished

111. destitute people / the destitute = without money, food, and the other things necessary for life

112. street children term

113. (to live) (out) on the streets / street term = without a home; outside, not in a house or other building

114. absolute poverty col

115. relative poverty col

116. income poverty col

117. human poverty col

118. to claim benefits = financial support from the state: Families who claim benefits often feel ashamed.

Social consequences of inadequate income

119. the widening/wide/deep gulf between sb and sb col/prep

120. to bridge the gap/gulf/divide between sb and sb idiom

121. to be/feel powerless over your life PREP

122. a feeling/sense of powerlessness WF/COL

123. to be voiceless WF = unable to get your opinions or concerns noticed by people in power

124. fear for the future PREP

125. to suffer from / to reduce / tackle social isolation/exclusion TERM = the state of being alone or lonely: Many unemployed people experience feelings of isolation and depression.

126. (to live) on the margins of sth e.g. society idiom

127. to feel lonely adjective – loneliness noun WF/SP

128. to (not) belong to a community PREP / to feel a sense of belonging COL

129. to reintegrate sb into society sp/wf/prep

Solutions

130. to combat poverty COL

131. to eradicate poverty COL

132. to alleviate poverty COL

133. to escape poverty COL

134. (to introduce) a minimum wage TERM (the smallest amount of money that an employer is legally allowed to pay a worker)

135. to curb low wages

136. social welfare term = practical or financial help that is provided, often by the government, for people or animals that need it: The state is still the main provider of welfare.

137. social security BrE term = money that the government pays regularly to people who are poor, unemployed, sick, etc: to live on social security

138. (to receive) job seeker’s allowance TERM (money that the government pays to unemployed people who are looking for a job)

139. taxpayer term

140. to pay a tax col

to introduce/levy a tax col

a progressive tax term = a tax system in which people who earn a lot of money pay a larger percentage of their income in tax than people who earn less

141. to fund sb through taxes

142. to place a burden on sb COL/PREP → to carry/ease/reduce/share the burden

143. to send sb back to school COL

144. to set up retraining courses/senior citizens groups/centres TERM/PHR

145. (to offer) tax incentive for/to sb to do sth TERM/PREP

146. to stimulate the economy/economic growth col/wf grow → growth

147. public spending col/term = the money that the government pays for project relating to education, health care, defence etc

148. to improve/provide (strong/dependable) public services = a service such as transport or health care that a government or an official organization provides for people in general in a particular society

149. to provide basic education/healthcare

150. (to provide) adequate food/safe water

151. sanitation term = systems for taking dirty water and waste from homes to ensure good hygiene: A lack of clean water and sanitation were the main problems.

Housing

152. shanty town term = an area in or near a town where poor people live in small houses, built of pieces of wood, metal and cardboard

153. cardboard box cities term (an area in a large town or city where people who have no home sleep outside using cardboard boxes to try to keep warm)

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14