Функции причастия в предложении

1. Определение(Attribute) ·1 перед определяемым словом: a) It is a very tiring job. Это очень утомительная работа. b) It is a tired joke. Это избитая шутка. ·2 после определяемого слова: a) The man standing at the door is my boss. Человек, стоящий у двери, мой начальник. b) The information presented in the article is very important. Информация, представленная в статье, очень важна.

2. Обстоятельство времени, причины, образа действия (Adverbial modifiers of time, reason, manner) может стоять перед или после главного предложения: 1) He broke his armplayinghockey. Он сломал руку, играя в хоккей. 2)Having done her homework, she watched TV. Выполнив домашнюю работу, она стала смотреть телевизор. 3) Beinglate, Ann took a taxi. Поскольку Анна опаздывала, она взяла такси. 4) He was lying on the sofa reading a book. Он лежал на диване, читаякнигу.

Примечание: ·3 В функции обстоятельства причастие может вводиться союзами when(когда), while (в то время как), if(если), unless(если не), though (хотя), as though (словно), once (раз), etc. Способы перевода – деепричастие, придаточное предложение или существительное с предлогом «при»: e.g. While investigating the murder the detective interviewed a lot of persons. Расследуя убийство, детектив опросил много людей. Когда детектив расследовал убийство, он опросил много людей. При расследовании убийства детектив опросил много людей. ·4 В функции обстоятельства времени употребляется Present Participle для первого действия, когда два действия происходят в одно и тоже время и следуют одно за другим: e.g. Switching off the lights, I fell asleep in no time. Выключив свет, я тут же уснул. (=После того как я выключил …)  

1. Practise translating the Participle. Define its form and function in the sentence:

1. The young men living upstairs are very noisy.

2. Problems facing parents should be discussed.

3. He came up to the kids waiting for the school bell to ring.

4. In England and Wales there are about 85 000 practising solicitors working independently or with a barrister.

5. A broken marriage leads to a divorce.

6. A partner seeking a divorce can do so with or without the aid of a solicitor.

7. So far the police haven’t identified the body found in the Thames.

8. The corporation shut down the plant, leaving many workers unemployed.

9. The company has opened a new factory, creating many new jobs.

10. I stayed at work rather late, missing my last train home.

11. Not having a ticket, I wasn’t able to go to the concert yesterday.

12. When leaving the crime scene, the criminal left some traces.

13. If blowing your nose in public, you can shock Japanese considering it to be a social insult.

14. The man came out of the house accompanied by two policemen.

15. Having passed his driving test, he was able to buy his first car.

16. A specimen taken shows that the driver has exceeded the permitted level of alcohol.

17. The man injured in the accident was taken to hospital.

18. A driver involved in an accident should not make a statement immediately after the accident, even if asked.

19. Once living in Los Angeles, Brad became one of those ever-optimistic movie wannabes (жаждущий славы и денег).

20. Unless being kept a watch on, a criminal can escape.

21. “Did you get the car stolen?” said he as though surprised.

2. Study the difference of Participle I and Participle II. Go on to use the correct form of the Participle in the sentences given below:

boring book interesting subjects exciting games burning building tiring jobs relaxing holidays embarrassing situation

bored students interested audience excited crowd burnt building tired workers relaxed embarrassed smile

1. I have read that new book. It’s very (bore). I got (bore) with it right from the start. You are sure to be (bore) with any book like that.

2. We enjoyed our holiday at the seaside. It was very (relax).

3. Tom is not going to the lecture. He is not (interest) in the subject.

4. We haven’t seen our boss for several days. It’s a bit (worry).

5. When teenagers stay out late, their parents can’t help feeling (worry).

6. Don’t turn off the lights. The baby will get (frighten) of the dark.

7. When I fell I didn’t hurt myself but it was very (embarrass).

8. George had an (embarrass) smile on his face when he happened to spill coffee on the carpet.

9. While (interview) the President of the company try to avoid any (embarrass) questions about their finances.

10. A crowd of (excite) people were watching the firemen trying to save the (burn) building.

11. Archaeologists have made an (excite) discovery recently.

12. I don’t know what was written in the (burn) letter. I didn’t read it.

3. Rewrite the following sentences using suitable participle phrases:

e.g. Jack burnt his finger while he was lighting a fire. (While)lighting a fire Jack burnt his finger

1. The car turned over while it was skidding on the wet road.

2. People who play loud music late at night can be a real nuisance.

3. My brother, who has split with his wife, wants to move in with me (переехать ко мне).

4. She fell asleep while she sat in the armchair.

5. As they had not been arrested they were able to leave the police station.

6. So far nobody has claimed (заявить права/притязания) the money we discovered under the floorboard.

7. As I am not very good at figures I’ll let you do the accounts.

8. He was the new minister who was appointed by the President.

9. After he had been fired, Daniel could not find a well-paid job.

10. Because he had been unemployed for so long, Jack despaired of ever finding a job.

11. If you give them enough time, the engineers will be able to find the fault.

12. Due to the fact that I hadn’t registered, I was unable to vote in last week’s election.

13. Most of the English Constitution is unwritten, it has developed in response to events over the centuries.

14. The conference which is being held at the University now is devoted to atomic energy.

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