GRAMMAR Point

(speaking-writing)

2.1. Use the following verbs in the forms of Present, Past, and Future Perfect Tense:

To supply, to mature, to cause, to cultivate, to apply.

Model:to prepare – have prepared, has prepared; had prepared; will have prepared

2.2. Translate the following verbs into English using Perfect tense forms. Pay attention to the tense and person of the verb:

Обробили, приготують, включив, передував, виробила, вилучать.

2.3.Use proper adverbial modifiers according to the tense of the verb. Choose from the following:

Bу 2020, since 1980’s, recently, in the 20^th century, for centuries

1. Ukrainian selectionists have … raised new, hardy varieties of wheat.

2. … man will have automated his irrigation to the point where at the beginning of the season "can set it and forget it".

3. Scientists now turned their attention to another cereal that has been the main food …– rice.

4. … selectionists working with maize and millet had also succeeded in increasing yields.

5. The developing countries have worked at the problem of adequate food supply ….

2.4.Transform the italicised verbs into the forms of Perfect tenses. Add corresponding adverbials if necessary:

1. Swedes and mangle were also important feed crops. (in the last century)

2. Many of grasses serve the purpose of returning nutritive elements to the ground. (by now)

3. The potato plant is one of the most important field crops. (always)

4. Wheat-growing was extensively practiced throughout Europe. (in prehistoric times)

5. Spring wheat matures much later than winter wheat.

2.5. Use the necessary Perfect tense form according to the adverbial of time:

1. At the dawn of history great necessity (cause) primitive man to grow plants.

2. Plant culture (begin) a great many years ago.

3. By now a lot of farms in tropical and subtropical areas (cultivate) wheat.

4. All ploughing (finish) by the end of April.

5. Nowadays the cultivation of potato (spread) all over the world.

2.6. Ask questions about the following sentences:

1. Field experiments have shown that crop yields at minimum tillage are the same and sometimes higher than those obtained by conventional methods.

2. It has become possible to compare the productivity of triticale with that of wheat.

3. Compaction of the soil has resulted in the reduction in yields.

4. The rotation of crops has become very common in many parts of the United States.

5. In recent years continuous cropping, especially of corn, has become a rather common practice on many Ohio farms.

2.7. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the verbs in the Perfect tenses:

1. The climate has changed of late, so the farmer must change his management.

2. Scientists have tested the soil to identify the proper kind and the correct proportion of fertilizer needed.

3. The irrigation system had brought a possibility to grow rice in the Crimea.

4. Modern meliorative systems will have used these large water reservoirs for irrigating vast areas of land.

5. Scientists have recently developed an experimental system to test wheat seeding depth.

Step 3

Project Work

(speaking-reading-speaking-writing)

3.1.. Skim Text B and make a plan of the text:

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