The accusative with participle II.

This construction has the function of a complex object. It is used with verbs:

Expressing physical perception

I had never heard my mama spoken of. (Ch.D.)

I can see it written, as it will be, in the newspapers. (S.L.)

Expressing mental activity

We consider the matter settled.

Expressing wish

We kept that quiet. Nobody wants that known. (M.P.)

3.5.1.4. having causative meaning (to have, to get, to make, to order)

… he could have his clothes made by the best tailor in London. (S.M.)

"Otherwise, how would we ever get anything done?"

It was he who decided that Inez Guerrero was harmless and had ordered her taken to the airport general manager's office. (A.H.)

3.5.1.5. with the verbs to find, to leave, to keep

They'll find themselves mistaken this time. (E.G.)

He wanted to keep Brenda happy and amused. (A.Chr.)

… Sarah leaves the door unlocked when she goes out. (E.Q.)

The nominative with participle II.

This construction has the function of a complex subject. It is used with verbs:

Expressing physical perception

The child was seen carried by a tall Negro.

Expressing mental activity

She is considered cured.

3.5.2.3. with the verbs to find, to leave, to keep:

The papers were found signed.

The dinner was left untouched.

The door was kept locked.

This construction is rarely used in Modern English.

The nominative absolute construction with participle II.

This construction has the function of an adverbial modifier of

Time

Everything settled, he felt calmer.

Manner or attendant circumstances

She sat silent, her eyes closed.

The absolute construction with participle II introduced by with.

This construction fulfils the function of an adverbial modifier of manner or attendant circumstances:

She fell asleep with the window open.

The nominative absolute construction without a participle.

This construction consists of the nominal element expressed by a noun or pronoun in the common case, the second element being an adjective, an adverb or a prepositional phrase. It fulfils the function of an adverbial modifier of time or attendant circumstances:

He ran home, his heart full of joy.

Breakfast over, she went to work.

He stood by the door, his cap in his hand.

Note. There is a difference in the meaning of the constructions: "Dinner over" and "Dinner being over". The former has a temporal meaning, whereas the latter as a rule has a causal meaning: "Когда обед закончился", "Так как обед закончился".

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16