Unit 13. Past Perfect and Past Simple

Exercise 1. Make sentences interrogative.

Example: Our granny helped the police to find the criminals when she was young. (Whom/When) – Whom did our granny help to find criminals? When did our granny help the police to find the criminals?

1. By the early years of the republic, many leaders had supposed that slavery would die out. (When/How many leaders) 2. FBI-agent had reported about strong possibility of act of terrorism before September, 11. (Which possibility … about/When) 3. After the Prime Minister had asked the Sovereign dissolved Parliament. 4. The Republicans won both houses of Congress in 1994. (Who/When) 5. By Hammurabi’s time, almost all trace of tribal custom had already disappeared from the law of the Code. (What/Where … from) 6. The secretary had finished his work before the customs official came. (What/By what time) 7. I had written my report about legal system in the ancient Rome by two o’clock. (What kind of report/Who) 8. Changing in the structure of American society had become apparent by the time the 1980s arrived. (What/By what time) 9. When the police came to the station the suspect had already gone by the train. (Where/What … by) 10. The policeman spent a lot of time to interrogate all inhabitants in that district. (How much time/Why) 11. That law protected the rights of the big landowners. (What/Whose right) 12. Presidential elections in our country took place last year. (When/What)

Exercise 2. Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct form.

Example: The FBI … the results of its investigations to the attorney general of the United States two months ago (to send). – The FBI sent the results of its investigations to the attorney general of the United States two months ago.

1. The president-elect and vice president-elect … the oath of office just before their inauguration (to take). 2. When the first Congress … in 1789, there … 59 members of the House of Representatives (to meet, to be). 3. George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, … to power on January 20, 2001 after he … the presidential campaigns (to come, to win). 4. The spy … that two men in black … him (not to see, to shadow). 5. The jury … sure, that the suspect … the crime (to be, to commit). 6. After the criminal … at the policeman another officers … to fire (to shoot, to begin). 7. All was surprised when the jury … to such a verdict (to come). 8. After the Kingdom of Ireland … with the Kingdom of Great Britain they together … the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (to merge, to form). 9. Before he … a lawyer he … a license for law practice (to become, to get). 10. Almost all modern countries … the capital punishment (to abolish). 11. We … our district militia officer long before (to see). 12. The General Assembly … the reports from all councils last week (to receive).

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs.

Example: What … the investigator … by the time when the witness …? - What had the investigator done by the time when the witness arrived?

resign pass close come be

choose earn remove plead put

show limit appoint differ be

sentence arrive declare do try

1. By 1972 President Richard Nixon … Memorial Day a federal holiday on the last Monday in May. 2. This barrister … 40,000 pounds last year. 3. The document, that the swindler … me, … a falsification. 4. The police always … to prevent illegal acts. 5. By the time he … back the judge …. 6. Each law-student … fixed exams according to his/her future specialization before he or she … them. 7. After the government investigator … all cases he …. 8. … the special committee … the Magistrates in California yesterday? 9. After a bill … both Houses it … the Royal Assent. 10. The Administration of B. Clinton … from Administration of J. Bush. 11. The suspect … not guilty, although he couldn’t say where he had been that night. 12. By that time the government … all restriction, which … the right to vote.

Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes where necessary.

Example: King Alfred the Great help to consolidate England into a Unified Kingdom. – King Alfred the Great helped to consolidate England into a Unified Kingdom.

1. After both the Parliament of England and Parliament of Scotland passed the Treaty of Union, they forming the Parliament of Great Britain in 1707. 2. Aristocratic assemblies disappears from parliaments in all developed societies. 3. Some legends report that Merlin help King Arthur to govern with the magic. 4. Studies shows that younger voters tendd to vote mostly for Democratic candidates those years. 5. The union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland begin with the 1603 Union of Crowns. 6. In 1579 Drake have explored the coast of California. 7. After John Adams had suggested the candidature of Gorge Washington for the post of Commander in Chief of Continental Army he takes up this post. 8. Romans who founds London had called it Londinium. 9. In 2002, euro notes and coins replaced national currencies in 12 of the member states. 10. The British Parliament long been a pattern after that other nations created his parliamentary system. 11. The judge haved put these women into prison more than once before. 12. As soon as the police had been caught the suspect the police officer examining him.

Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1. Тоталитарные правительства часто использовали поддельные документы, чтобы скрыть ошибки, которые они сделали. 2. Сапер обезвредил бомбу, которую заложили террористы. 3. Таможенники составили опись контрабандного товара. 4. После того как юристы обнаружили неточности в документе, они составили протокол. 5. Жюри присяжных первоначально признало Мистера Хоупа виновным, но затем апелляционный суд оправдал его. 6. Секретарь напечатал все страницы доклада к 10 часам вчера. 7. После того, как директор фабрики пообещал выполнить все требования забастовщиков, они разошлись. 8.После того, как Королева Елизавета Первая пришла к власти в Англии в 1558 году, Королева Шотландии Мария несколько раз пыталась ее свергнуть. 9. Демократическая партия появилась из Анти-Федералистской фракции, которая выступала против финансовой политики Александра Гамильтона в начале 1790-х годов. 10. После того как судья в Великобритании вынес вердикт, он стал прецедентом. 11. На прошлой неделе суд по бракоразводным процессам слушал громкое дело, которое местная пресса широко освещала. 12. После того как Премьер Министр ознакомился с новым законопроектом, он попросил министров доработать его и внести поправки.

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