Unit 11. Present Perfect or Past Simple.

Exercise 1. Make sentences interrogative.

Example: The fiscal policy has changed a lot when the new President came into force. (When/How) – When has the fiscal policy changed a lot? How has the fiscal policy changed when the new President came into force?

1. On June 11, 1800, the capital of the United States had a permanent home in Washington, D.C. (When/Which home/Where) 2. Cities all around the United States hold their own ceremonies to pay respect to the men and women who have died in wars or in the service of their country. (Whom/When) 3. In the Defense Department, Secretary Gates has identified major weapons programs for cut or reduction. (Where/For what) 4. The President has called on Congress to pass the Paycheck Fairness Act, which will stop retaliation against employees. (Why/What) 5. On February 27, 2009, President Obama announced a plan to responsibly end the war in Iraq. (When/To what) 6. The President’s Administration has already effectively managed several domestic events. (How/What) 7. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution first extended the rights of African Americans. (Which amendments/What) 8. Our society has made tremendous progress in eradicating barriers to women’s success. (Which progress/Whose society) 9. The sociologist Richard Quinney has written about the relationship between society and crime. (About what/Who) 10. The Sumerians produced the earliest surviving written codes. (Which/Who) 11. Greater London has had a directly elected assembly and mayor since 2000 following popular support for the proposal in a referendum. (For which proposal/Which assembly) 12. My sister applied for a visa six times before she got one. (Who/For what/How many times)

Exercise 2. Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct form.

Example: I … just the notice of appointment (to get). – I have just got the notice of appointment.

1. The police … three people but then they … them go (to arrest, to let). 2. … you ever … a hijack car (to drive)? 3. Hackers … $2 Millions from Automatic Teller Machines last night (to steal). 4. In theory, the Queen could refuse the Royal Assent and so stop a bill becoming law, but no monarch … actually … so since 1708 (to do). 5. The history of the nation’s capital … when President George Washington … an Act of Congress in December of 1790 (to begin, to sign). 6. President Obama … himself and his Administration from the beginning of his presidency to a foreign policy that ensures the safety of the American people (to commit). 7. On April 5, 2009 in Prague, our Ambassador … an ambitious strategy to address the international nuclear threat (to present). 8. In the United States since 1930, the FBI … Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) annually from crime data submitted by law enforcement agencies across the United States (to tabulate). 9. My barrister is 42, but she … three times (to divorce). 10. The police … me on my way home last night (to stop). 11. The Germans … Holland in 1940 (to occupy). 12. … you already … the latest news (to hear)? – No, I have not.

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs.

crash down approve rebel see vow kill

name look through shock ask sign do

discover work out start run take find

Example: The travelers … the dead body of Afro-American in the centre of the city. – The travelers found the dead body of Afro-American in the centre of the city.

1. The President … already … Dr. John Holdren as an Assistant to the President and the nation’s Science Advisor. 2. The citizens at last … against their cruel rulers. 3. He … a document, … and …. 4. “… you ever … this man?” – The police officer … me. 5. The slaying of two police officers … everybody. 6. She … her last exam today. 7. The Prime Minister … lately … new rural development programs. 8. Prime Minister … to punish the suicide bombing that … 35 people at the airport. 9. Columbus … America in 1492. 10. What … you … when the fire …? – I … out of the house. 11. The American Government … new treaty for anti-ballistic missile system. 12. The roof of supermarket … last week.

Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes where necessary.

Example: Mrs. Stevenson tried to get her solicitor, but his phone were busy. – Mrs. Stevenson tried to get her solicitor, but his phone was busy.

1. Have he gone to the bank yet? 2. The President also has directed Homeland Security Advisors to conduct an immediate review of the plan. 3. The suspect speaks French so well because she has lived in France. 4. In countries like the United States that have fuse legal professions, there are trial lawyers who specialize in trying cases in court. 5. “I had forgottenthe name of that man and can’t remember it!” – say the witness. 6. What do you think about a new law that our president have signed lately? 7. The head of antimonopoly committee declare the results of investigations last night. 8. The mugger caught the bag of young women and now he is running away. 9. The jury has already reached a decision? 10. A senior Ohio Air Force base official pleaded guilty on Monday to sexual misconduct and adultery. 11. The witness appears before the investigator last week. 12. President Obama has placing comprehensive health reform at the top of his domestic policy agenda.

Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1. Торкилд Якобсон изучил до-вавилонскую Месопотамию и определил, что они называли «примитивной демократией». 2. Во время Американской Революции многие члены Второго Континентального Конгресса приводили доводы в пользу принятия независимости от Великобритании 13-ю колониями. 3. Адвокат ознакомилась с фактами по этому делу. 4. С тех пор я занимаюсь юридической практикой в Вашингтоне. 5. Преступник уже признал ошибку и извинился. 6. Этот сенатор жил в этом штате несколько лет, но сейчас он переезжает на новое место. 7. Ее племянник сидит в тюрьме всего месяц, а она была у него уже два раза. 8. Участники политического митинга требовали отставки правительства. 9. Миротворцы из разных стран прибыли в зону вооруженного конфликта пару дней назад. 10. Правительственная комиссия недавно объявила работу полиции в этом округе удовлетворительной. 11. Ты можешь забрать мои шпаргалки, я только что сдал экзамен. 12. Полиция уже не раз подозревала этого мужчину в совершении преступления год назад.

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