Unit 12. Past Perfect

Exercise 1. Make sentences interrogative.

Example: Edward had been a judge for 20 years. (How long/Who) – How long had Edward been a judge? Who had been a judge for 20 years?

1. John had been in prison for 3 years. (Where/How long) 2. The work on this bill had lasted for many months. (What kind of work/How long) 3. When he arrived the judge had already announced a verdict. (What/Who) 4. By the end of the week he had already robbed five banks. (How many/Who) 5. Before picking up the phone the detective had turned off the radio. (Who/ What) 6. Jurors had discussed the case very carefully before they reached a verdict. (What/Who) 7. After the jury had listened to witnesses they retired to the jury room. (Whom/Who) 8. After the barrister had learned about new circumstances of the case he asked to postpone the trial. (Why/What) 9. When the police arrived a criminal had taken 6 people as hostages. (How many/Who) 10. The young offender had promised not to commit any crime. (Who/ What) 11. Before we left Westminster our guide had told us about old customs which exist to this day. (Who/What) 12. This document had become a symbol of independence. (What/ What kind of symbol)

Exercise 2. Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct form.

Example: By the end of the trial the barrister … to prove defendant’s innocence (to manage). – By the end of the trial the barrister had managed to prove defendant’s innocence.

1. After he … to commit a suicide, he was taken to hospital. 2. Early laws … human values (to reflect). 3. Justice … a cornerstone of a civilized society for many years (to be). 4. A former mayor … no attention to the needs of the citizens and was removed from his post (to pay). 5. The criminal escaped after he … an underground passage (to make). 6. After a burglar … his victim on the head she fainted (to hit). 7. By that time the legal language … a lot (to change). 8. The police … this case thoroughly before they send it to the court (to investigate). 9. The president … the matter with his assistants before he made a decision (to discuss). 10. After George VI … his daughter, Elizabeth, succeeded him (to die). 11. The smugglers … a lot of drugs from Iraq before they were caught (to carry). 12. Laws … an integral part of our life for many years (to be).

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs.

pass see go succeed recover cry finish

plead enter listen run close pack

Example: He told us about the dangers he.... – He told us about the dangers he had passed.

1. After she... she felt much better. 2. When they arrived the police station.... 3. Hardly... he... from the illness when he was called to the court. 4. No sooner... the judge... the room than the defendant began to cry. 5. After he... to investigate the case he got a promotion. 6. The criminal... guilty before the advocate made his final speech. 7. When I turned round the pickpocket... away. 8. Did you see him after he... out of prison? 9. When Mike came home burglars... all valuable things. 10. The barrister almost learned testimony by heart after he... to it many times. 11. By 5 o’clock the trial... nearly.... 12. The child ran out of the room after he... a stranger.

Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes where necessary.

Example: I only wanted to know why he had commit such a violent crime. – I only wanted to know why he had committed such a violent crime.

1. When he reached home, Inspector Green already had gone. 2. She had fall out of love with him before the trial was over. 3. Hardlyhave he entered the courtroom he recognized the victim. 4. No sooner had the clock strickemidday the judge announced a sentence. 5. The witness had know the defendant long before this accident. 6. At last John told us that he has gotinto debt. 7. She didn’t want to talk with him after theyhad quarrel. 8. Before he entered the law department he had working as a fireman. 9. The jury didn’t believe that he had done it in self-defense. 10. After the students had studies the problem of juvenile delinquency they wrote a very interesting report. 11. He felt so upset because he has lost his job. 12. I had lost my keys and couldn’t get into the office.

Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1. К началу века все законы страны сильно изменились.2. Свидетель не явился на заседание суда, потому что опоздал на свой поезд. 3. После того, как отец умер, семья оказалась в трудном финансовом положении.4. После того, как он вышел из тюрьмы, он снова начал совершать кражи. 5. Не успел судья огласить приговор, как обвиняемый начал выкрикивать угрозы. 6. К двум часам окружной прокурор уже передал дело в суд. 7. Когда полиция приехала на место преступления, там собралась уже целая толпа. 8. Присяжные вынесли приговор только после того, как рассмотрели все улики по делу. 9. За свое жестокое преступление он провел в тюрьме десять лет. 10. К концу XX века проблема безграмотности исчезла.11. Когда он приехал в университет, лекция по уголовному праву уже началась. 12. Ребенка вернули в семью только после того, как насилие в семье прекратилось.

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