Classification

There are a number of different types of oropharyngeal candidiasis.

Pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush) is characterised by extensive white pseudomembranes consisting of desquamated epithelial cells, fibrin, and fungal hyphae. These white patches occur on the surface of the labial and buccal mucosa, hard and soft palate, tongue, periodontal tissues, and oropharynx.

Acute atrophic candidiasis is usually associated with a burning sensation in the mouth or on the tongue. Diagnosis may be difficult. A swab from the tongue/buccal mucosa may help diagnosis.

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis characteristically occurs on the buccal mucosa or lateral border of the tongue as speckled or homogenous white lesions.

Chronic atrophic candidiasis also known as “denture stomatitis” is characterised by localised chronic erythema of tissues covered by dentures. Lesions usually occur on the palate and upper jaw but may also affect mandibular tissue.

Angular cheilitis is an erythematous fissuring at one or both corners of the mouth, and is usually associated with an intraoral candidal infection.

Risk factors

Risk factors include impaired salivary gland function, drugs, dentures, high carbohydrate diet, and extremes of life, smoking, diabetes mellitus, Cushing’s syndrome, malignancies, and immunosuppressive conditions.

Management

Management involves taking a history, an examination, and appropriate antifungal treatment with a few requiring samples to be taken for laboratory analysis. Oral hygiene and topical antifungals are usually adequate in uncomplicated oral candidiasis.

Prognosis

The prognosis is good in the great majority of cases with appropriate and effective treatment.

POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 6. Look through the text and make up 10 questions to the text:

Exercise 7. Make the following sentences negative:

1. The incidence of oral candidiasis depends on age and certain predisposing factors.

2. There are a number of different types of oropharyngeal candidiasis.

3. Oral hygiene and topical antifungals are usually adequate in uncomplicated oral candidiasis.

4. Angular cheilitis is usually associated with an intraoral candidal infection.

5. Management involves taking a history, an examination, and appropriate antifungal treatment

Exercise 8. Agree or contradict the following statements:

1. The prognosis is unfavourable in the great majority of cases with appropriate and effective treatment.

2. Oral hygiene and topical antifungals are usually adequate in uncomplicated oral candidiasis.

3. Lesions usually occur on the tonsils and jaws.

4. White patches in thrush occur on the surface of the labial and buccal mucosa.

5.Chronic hyperplastic candidiasischaracteristically occurs on the buccal mucosa or lateral border of the tongue as speckled or homogenous white lesions.

6.Angular cheilitisis an erythematous ulcers at one or both corners of the mouth.

Exercise 9. Give English equivalents to the following word combinations:

Поширена інфекція, сприяючи фактори, губна слизова оболонка, щічна слизова оболонка, відчуття печіння, однорідні біляві плями, локалізована хронічна еритема, слинні залози, відповідне антигрибкове лікування, неускладнені випадки ротового кандідозу, більшість випадків, тканина періодонта, бокова межа язика.

Exercise 10. Give a brief survey of the text.

TEST

1. Oral candidiasis is a …. infection of the oral cavity.

a) occasional

b) frequent

c) rare

d) common

e) quick

2. Acute atrophic candidiasis is usually associated with a … sensation in the mouth.

a) itching

b) pricking

c) burning

d) painful unpleasant touch

e) abnormal

3. Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis occurs on the buccal mucosa as white …

a) circularities

b) lesions

c) patches

d) triangles

e) points

4. Impaired salivary glands function can predispose to …

a) glossitis

b) fluorosis

c) oral candidiasis

d) cheilitis

e) parotitis

5. The prognosis is good for oral candidiasis … appropriate and effective treatment.

a) in

b) at

c) with

d) under

e) by

6. The incidence of candidiasis varies depending … age and certain predisposing factors.

a) at

b) on

c) in

d) for

e) to

7. Denture stomatitis is characterized … localized chronic erythema of tissues.

a) with

b) in

c) by

d) for

e) on

8. Angular cheilitis is an erythematous fissuring … one or both corners of the mouth.

a) in

b) on

c) at

d) for

e) with

9. Acute atrophic candidiasis is usually associated … a burning sensation in the mouth.

a) by

b) in

c) on

d) with

e) without

10. Chronic hyperplastic candidiasischaracteristically occurs … the buccal mucosa.

a) in

b) at

c) on

d) around

e) inside

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