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Biogenetic classification of elements

HISTORY OF KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT ABOUT BIOSPHERE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SCALE OF ITS TRANSFORMATIONS | KEY APPROACHERS TO CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS | FACTORS AND PROCESSES ELEMENT COMPOSITION FORMATION OF LIVING MATTER | REGIONAL ASPECTS OF BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | Element composition of human organs and tissues | Comparative estimation of element analysis results obtained by INAA method with published data of domestic and international standards | Biogeochemistry of uranium and thorium | Rare earth element in human organs and tissues | Element content in children hair samples | Comparative data of children hair composition (mg/kg, dry weight) from different regions of Russia, Belorussia and Kazakhstan |


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(Bgatov А.V., 1999)

Type Group Name Note
    Biogenic     Prime-elements   Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen Frame elements of organic molecules appearing as early as in Precambrian. Constituents of most amino acids.
Phosphorous, sulfur Essential participators of protein molecules, DNA and RNA. Formers of primary, before-cellular life
    Macroelements Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, silicon. Elements of buffer system of the first monocellular organisms and cellular potential. The first elements of skeleton of simple organisms
Essential microelements Iron, copper, zinc, manganese, chromium, selenium, molybdenum, iodine, cobalt, fluorine. Involved in metabolism with formation of blood system. Participate in reduction-oxidation reactions. Constituents of co-enzymes
Conditionally essential microelements Arsenic, bromine, lithium, nickel, vanadium, cadmium, lead. Narrow-specialized group of elements "working" in not all species. Some of them form co-enzymes
Brain-elements Gold, tin, thallium, tellurium, germanium, gallium Presumably, participate in impulse conductivity of mammals’ brain. Evidently, involved in metabolism in the Quaternary Period
Абиогенные     Neutral Aluminum, titanium, rubidium Did not occupy any place in metabolism of animals due to weak reaction capacity despite their wide abundance in the lithosphere
Competitors Barium, strontium, cesium Participated in metabolism of marine organisms that determined their further competition in metabolism of land species (resulting in pathology)
Aggressive Mercury, beryllium, osmium, bismuth Elements of later volcanic activity. Since they did not participate in organism metabolism they are harmful in low doses

In our opinion to classify the elements in living matter (LM) one can use the approaches applied in crystal chemistry (Rikhvanov L.P., Baranovskaya N.V., Ignatova T.N., 2006). Hence, all known elements in LM can be divided depending on their role in formation of stereochemical structures of organic and inorganic compounds into the following basic groups (Fig. 5):

 

H     He  
Li   Be     B   С N   O   F   Ne  
Na   Mg   Al   Si   P   S   Cl   Ar  
K   Ca   Sc   Ti   V   Cr   Mn   Fe   Co   Ni   Сu   Zn   Ga   Ge   As   Se   Br   Kr  
Rb   Sr   Y   Zr   Nb   Mo   Tc   Ru   Rh   Pd - Ag   Cd   In   Sn   Sb   Te   I   Xe  
Cs   Ba   * Hf   Ta   W   Re   Os Ir   Pt Au   Hg   Tl   Pb   Bi   Po   At   Rn  
Fr   Ra   * * Ku - Ns                          
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

main structure-forming (constituting) chemical elements

accompanying structure-forming chemical elements

non-structure-forming chemical elements

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Content of some elements in plants, animal and human organisms, mg/kg| Fig. 5 Classification of elements depending on their role in structure formtion of organic and inorganic compounds
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