Comprehension check

Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.

1. The following is thought to be the group that is the direct common ancestor of most modern plants:

a. Pyrrophyta (dinoflagellates) b. Chlorophyta (green algae)

c. Phaeophyta (brown algae) d. Rhodophyta (red algae)

e. Euglenophyta (euglenoids).

2. Multicellular algae have

a. true roots b. true stems c. true leaves

d. considerable tissue differentiation e. none of the above.

3. The simple body form of multicellular algae is called a

a. thallus b. sporangium c. micropyle

d. cone e. angiosperm.

5. Because the simple body form of multicellular algae is called a thallus, as a group these organisms are sometimes called

a. sporantiophytes b. conifers c. angiosperms.

d. algophytes e. thallophytes.

6. Algal reproductive structures lack

a. a protective wall of nondividing cells

b. zygotes that develop into embryos after having been released from the female reproductive organs

c. a protective wall of sterile cells

d. all of the above e. none of the above.

7. Bryophytes include

a. mosses b. liverworts c. hornworts

d. all of the above e. none of the above.

8. The vascular plants include

a. club mosses b. horsetails c. ferns

d. seed plants e. all of the above.

9. The following are mechanisms that help embryophytes inhabit terrestrial habitats:

a. embryophytes have multicellular sex organs covered with a layer of protective, sterile cells.

b. embryophyte sporangia produce spores that are covered with protective sterile cells.

c. embryophytes have a waxy cuticle that usually covers the aerial parts of the plants.

d. all of the above e. none of the above.

2. Give detailed answers to the questions below:

a. What phyla of unicellular eukaryotic algae do you know?

b. What photosynthetic organisms are thought to be the ancestors of most modern plants?

c. How do green, brown and red algae vary?

d. What is a thallus?

e. Why do biologists call algae lower plants?

f. What are the differences between algae and higher plants?

g. Why are higher plants sometimes called Embryophyta?

h. What plants are included in the Bryophyta, the Tracheophyta, seed plants?

i. The move to land for the plants was accompanied by many adaptations. What were they?

j. What role did vascular tissue play in the evolution of plants?

k. Why did reproductive needs have to be modified in terrestrial environments?

l. What mechanisms have helped make it possible for embryophyte plants to inhabit terrestrial habitats?

Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text.

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