Exercise 15. Translate into English paying attention to the Participles.

1. Будучи дуже зайнятий, він не відразу почув мене.

2. Дівчинка, що плаче, була голодна.

3. Вона любила дивитися на граючих дітей.

4. Читаючи англійську книгу, він виписав багато нових слів.

5. Вислуховуючи серце хворої дитини, лікар почув шуми.

6. Пошкоджена рука дуже хворіла.

7. Готуючись до операції, хірург завжди обробляє руки ретельно.

Exercise 16. Open the brackets and put the correct form of the verb.

1. My doctor thinks I (to be) allergic to pineapples.

2. We understood that she (to see) nothing.

3. Bill said he (to feel) ill.

4. We thought she still (to be) in hospital.

5. I knew he (to pass) his examination at that time.

6. I am afraid I (not can) answer your question.

7. I asked her when she (to give) me that book to read.

NEUROSES

Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary

Distress - дистрес, страждання, нездужання

Hypochondria [ haɪpəˈkɔndrɪə ] - пригнічений стан

Pyromania - піроманія

Obsessive-compulsive disorder – невроз нав’язливих станів

Over-excitation - надмірне збудження

Over-inhibition - надмірне гальмування

in virtually [ ˈvəːtjuəlɪ ] - практично

Incapacitate [ ɪnkəˈpæsɪteɪt ] - вивести з ладу, зробити непрацездатним

Trigger [ ˈtrɪgə^r ] - приводити в дію, провокувати

Apprehension -побоювання, недобре передчуття

Arsonist - підпалювач (поджигатель)

Revenge [ rɪˈvɛndʒ ] - помста (месть)

Intrusive [ ɪnˈtruːsɪv ] - нав’язливий

Rid - позбутися

Handle - керувати, контролювати, тримати в руках

Consuming fear - всепоглинаючий страх

Interfere - заважати, втручатися

Exercise 2. Translate into Ukrainian

A relatively mild mental illness; an umbrella term used for mental illnesses; a radical loss of touch with reality; work capacity of the nerve cells; to disrupt the brain activity; to be out of proportion to the circumstances of a person’s life; to experience feelings of apprehension, worry, and fear; strong unreasonable fears of specific objects; to suffer from intrusive, repetitive, and disturbing thoughts; to be focused on an imagined illness; to lose all self-control as a result of the consuming fear

Exercise 3. Write the given words in Singular (remember the words of the Latin and Greek origin) and use them in sentences

Neuroses, activities, bacteria, crises, children, atria, alveoli, lives, analyses, ganglia, fungi, diagnoses, laboratories, cocci, curricula, bacilli, mice, phenomena, vertebrae, criteria, metastases

Exercise 4. Read the text. Group the symptoms of neuroses into two groups: subjective and objective ones.

NEUROSES

Neuroses are relatively mild mental illnesses that are not caused by organic diseases, involving symptoms of stress but not a radical loss of touch with reality. Though the term neuroses is no longer used formally within the medical community, it is still a common umbrella term used for mental illnesses such as anxiety, pyromania, obsessive-compulsive disorder, hysteria, and phobias.

The work capacity of the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex is limited, so over-excitation, over-inhibition, or simultaneous overstimulation of both processes or their mobility may disrupt brain activity resulting in a neurosis.

Neuroses are characterized by anxiety, depression, or other feelings of unhappiness or distress that are out of proportion to the circumstances of a person’s life. They may impair a person’s functioning in virtually any area of his life, relationships, or external affairs, but they are not severe enough to incapacitate the person. Neurotic patients generally do not suffer from the loss of the sense of reality seen in persons with psychoses.

One of the common neuroses is anxiety. A person suffering from anxiety may experience feelings of apprehension, worry, and fear. Physical symptoms are also common with this form of neurosis, including nausea, palpitations, chest pains, and shortness of breath. The person may also experience elevated bloodpressure and heart rate, sweating, pale skin, dilated pupils, and trembling. While some anxiety is normal in certain situations, such as when sad, angry, or afraid of a specific situation, those with this form of neurosis may experience anxiety for no known reason or for reasons that should not normally trigger that type of response.

Phobias, a type of anxiety disorder, are characterized by strong unreasonable fears of specific objects, people, situations, or activities. Some common objects of phobias are open or closed spaces, fire, high places, dirt, and bacteria.

Pyromania is another of the common neuroses. A person suffering from pyromania is fixated on fire. A pyromaniac is not the same as an arsonist, as a person suffering from pyromania gains a sense of happiness from fires, whereas an arsonist may set fire for revenge or for personal gain. In general, there are no other symptoms associated with this type of neurosis.

Another of the common neuroses is obsessive-compulsive disorder. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder generally suffer from intrusive, repetitive, and disturbing thoughts. In an attempt to rid themselves of these thoughts, they engage in certain rituals or tasks. Compulsive behaviour includes rituals such as repetitive hand washing or door locking. This leads to a cycle of thoughts and behaviors over which the person feels he or she has little or no control.

Somatoform disorders, which include the so-called hysterical, or conversion, neuroses, manifest themselves in physical symptoms, such as blindness, paralysis, or deafness that are not caused by organic disease. Hysteria is one of the common neuroses. A person suffering from hysteria experiences substantial feelings of fear or other emotions that he or she cannot seem to handle. Often, the fear is focused on an imagined illness or other problem of a specific body part. The person may lose all self-control as a result of the consuming fear.

Psychoneurotic disorders are formed in children more easily than in adults.

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