B) Complex Object (Objective Infinitive Construction)

1)Пацієнт помітив, що свербіж з’являється в ситуації стресу, розумової чи фізичної напруги.

2)Лікар побачив, що зіниці хворого розширені.

3)Численні фобії змушують Вуді Аллена боятися висоти, замкненого простору та комах.

4)Лікар дозволив хворому припинити прийом антидепресантів.

5)Гіппократ вважав, що істерія спричинена порушенням кровообігу.

Exercise 8. Describe the terms

Neurosis

Phobia

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

STROKE

(Cerebrovascular accident)

Exercise 1. aphasia [æˈfeɪzɪə], cholesterol [kəˈlɛstərɔl], modifiable [‘məʊdɪfaɪəbl], neurosurgery [ˌnjʊərəʊˈs3ːdʒərɪ], consciousness [ˈkɒnʃəsnɪs],

Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary

Stroke - інсульт

Cerebrovasculer accident - порушення мозкового кровообігу

Aphasia - афазія, порушення мовлення

Visual field - поле зору

Altered - змінений

Transient ischemic attack - швидкоминуче порушення мозкового

кровообігу, «міні-інсульт»

Atrial fibrillation - миготлива аритмія

Modifiable - такий, що можна змінити

Anti-platelet drugs - антитромбоцитарні препарати

Leak - протікати, просочуватися

To suffer a disease - перенести захворювання

Hemiparesis - геміпарез (парез м’язів однієї половини тіла)

Exercise 3. Translate into Ukrainian

Rapid loss of brain function, disturbance in the blood supply to the brain, inability to move one or more limbs, altered taste, inability to understand or formulate speech, an inability to see one side of the visual field, the most important modifiable risk factor of stroke, interruption of the blood supply, to result from rupture of a blood vessel, the increased intracranial pressure, the leaking blood compressing the brain, an embolic stroke.

Exercise 4. Do you know that:

a) Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol levels.

b) Anti-platelet drugs are intended to prevent and/or reverse platelet aggregation in arterial thrombosis, most prominently in myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.

c) Clot busting medications break up blood clots. During a heart attack or stroke, clot busters, also called thrombolytics, dissolve the blood clot that is blocking the artery and help to restore blood flow. These medications are injected into the arm through an intravenous (IV) line.

d) Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure used to prevent stroke, by correcting stenosis (narrowing) in the common carotid artery. Endarterectomy is the removal of material on the inside (end-) of an artery.

Exercise 5. Read the text. Define the key concepts of the theme.

STROKE

A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is the rapid loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia (lack of blood flow) caused by blockage (thrombosis, arterial embolism), or a hemorrhage. As a result, the affected area of the brain cannot function, which might result in an inability to move one or more limbs on one side of the body (paralysis), inability to understand or formulate speech (aphasia), an inability to see one side of the visual field, or altered taste, smell, hearing.

A stroke is a medical emergency and can cause permanent neurological damage and death. Risk factors for stroke include old age, high blood pressure, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), diabetes, high cholesterol, tobacco smoking and atrial fibrillation. High blood pressure is the most important modifiable risk factor of stroke. It is the second leading cause of death worldwide.

An ischemic stroke is occasionally treated in a hospital with thrombolysis (also known as a "clot buster"), and some hemorrhagic strokes benefit from neurosurgery. Prevention of recurrence may involve the administration of anti-platelet drugs such as aspirin and dipyridamole, control and reduction of high blood pressure, and the use of statins. Selected patients may benefit from carotid endarterectomy and the use of anticoagulants.

Strokes can be classified into two major categories: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic strokes are those that are caused by interruption of the blood supply, while hemorrhagic strokes are the ones which result from rupture of a blood vessel or an abnormal vascular structure. About 87% of strokes are caused by ischemia, and the remainder by hemorrhage. Some hemorrhages develop inside areas of ischemia ("hemorrhagic transformation"). It is unknown how many hemorrhages actually start as ischemic stroke.

Stroke symptoms typically start suddenly, over seconds to minutes, and in most cases do not progress further. The symptoms depend on the area of the brain affected. The more extensive the area of brain affected, the more functions that are likely to be lost.

Loss of consciousness, headache, and vomiting usually occurs more often in hemorrhagic stroke than in thrombosis because of the increased intracranial pressure from the leaking blood compressing the brain.

If symptoms are maximal at onset, the cause is more likely to be a subarachnoid hemorrhage or an embolic stroke.

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