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Ex 1. Put the statements into the negative form.Translate them into your mother tongue. Use the model.
Model: The local road has already been reconstructed. Þ The local road has n’t been reconstructed yet.
1. The work has already been completed.
2. The committee has already been appointed.
3. The report has already been submitted to the Committee.
4. Your car has already been repaired.
5. The new road-building program has already been discussed.
6. Several interstate roads have already been improved for traffic.
Ex 2. Answer the question according to the model.
Model: Has the report been submitted to the Commission yet?
(No) Þ No, it hasn’t been submitted yet.
(Yes) Þ Yes, it has just been submitted.
1. Have the subsidies from the government funds been obtained yet? (Yes)
2. Have the regulations been upheld by the Federal Bureau of Public Roads yet? (No)
3. Has this interstate road been modernized yet? (No)
4. Has the situation been corrected yet? (Yes)
5. Has this motor vehicle been registered yet? (No)
6. Have the results of the experiment been reported to the Committee yet? (Yes)
Ex 3. Write answers to these questions as in the example. Translate them into your mother tongue.
Example
How long has this road been repaired?
(since last month) – It has been repaired since last month.
(for two months) – It has been repaired for two months.
1. How long has this program been discussed? (since Monday)
2. How long has this equipment been installed? (for two hours)
3. How long have the new electronic control systems been developed? (for three months)
4. How long has the traffic along this highway been monitored by remote cameras? (for 2 years)
5. How long has the Toyota Prius been manufactured? (since 1997)
6. How long has the Navstar Global Positioning System been used? (since 1973)
7. How long has this method been known? (since ancient times)
Ex 4. Put the verbs in brackets into present perfect passive or past simple passive. Translate the sentences into your mother tongue.
1. This year, the highway safety in Kharkiv (not improve).
2. Transportation problems in this country (complicate) since 2000.
3. In 2005, traffic fatalities in this region (reduce) significantly.
4. When the Commission (appoint)?
5. The construction operations (accelerate) recently.
6. Who the new aid program (approve) by?
7. Now that the gas tank (fill) we can continue our way.
8. The computer won’t work efficiently until new software (install).
9. We will talk about innovations only after subsidies (receive).
Ex 5. Write sentences as in the examples. Translate them into your mother tongue.
Examples
A. to appoint the committee (say) Þ It’s said that the committee has already been appointed.
B. not to obtain the subsidies (know) Þ It’s known that the subsidies haven’t been obtained yet.
1. to halt repair operations on secondary roads (say)
2. to accelerate construction operations (believe)
3. not to approve the aid program (rumor)
4. to register the new motor vehicle (assume)
5. not to estimate the losses (suppose)
6. to initiate the work on the project (know)
7. not to approve the road-building program (think)
Ex 6. Answer the question as in the models.
Models
A. Has this project ever been discussed? (never) Þ No, it has never been discussed.
B. Have these laboratories ever been modernized?(once) Þ Yes, they have been modernized once.
1. Has this truck tractor ever been tested? (twice)
2. Have these buses ever been used for transportation by schools? (many times)
3. Have these costs ever been estimated? (once)
4.Has he ever been dismissed from work? (several times)
5. Has this system ever been adapted for use in cars? (never)
6. Have the results of the experiment ever been published? (once)
7. Has this road ever been repaired? (twice)
Ex 7. Transform the sentences from Present Perfect into Past Simple as shown in the example. Translate the sentences into your mother tongue.
Example
Construction and repair operations have been retarded rather than accelerated (after the war). Þ After the war, construction and repair operations were retarded rather than accelerated.
1. A Federal Aid Program of three billion dollars has been approved by the government (in 1946).
2. About 50 per cent of all buses registered have been used for transportation by schools (at that time).
3. Heaviest losses have been sustained by manufacturing, wholesaling and retailing industries (within the first after-war year).
4. Interstate roads have been modernized and improved for traffic (after World War II).
5. Losses have been estimated at over six million dollars per month (within 1946).
Ex 8. Translate into English using the Present Perfect Passive or Past Simple Passive.
1. Ця вулиця коли-небудь ремонтувалась?
2. Говорять, що збитки ще не підраховані.
3. Програму федеральної допомоги вже схвалено?
4. Коли були зареєстровані ці транспортні засоби?
5. Скільки службовців звільнено з початку цього місяця?
6. Цю інформацію було отримано вчора.
7. У цьому році виділено два мільйони доларів на будівництво доріг загального користування.
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