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… is broken, consists, are equipped, are used, are planted, can be distributed, are distributed, is distributed, are cultivated, is applied, can cause, has lead, use, are controlled.
10.5.Подготовьте перевод и чтение одной из четырёх частей текста.
1.Many types of implements have been developed for the activities involved in growing crops. These activities include breaking ground, planting, weeding, fertilizing and combating with pests. Ground is broken by ploughs to prepare a seed-bed. A plough consists of a blade-like ploughshare that cuts under, then lifts, turns and pulverizes the soil. Modern tractor ploughs are usually equipped with two or more ploughshares. Harrows are used to smooth a ploughed land and sometimes to coverup seeds and fertilizer with earth. The disc harrow is used mainly to cut up crop residues before ploughing and to bury weeds during seed-bed preparation.
2.Some cereal crops are still planted by broadcasting seeds. Machines for broadcasting usually consist of a long seed-box mounted on wheels and equipped with an agitator to distribute the seeds. Specialized implements called planters are necessary for sowing crops that are planted in rows such as maize.
Fertilizer can be distributed in winter or shortly before seeding time. Commercial fertilizers are commonly distributed along with seeds by drills and planters. Manure is distributed most efficiently by a manure spreader.
3.For destroying weeds and loosening and aerating the soil a cultivator is used. A flame weeder is applied to destroy weeds growing around crops such as cotton. The weeds are vulnerable to hot air, but the tough stems protect the crops from damage. Chemical herbicides are used extensively for weed control.
Insecticides for pest control are applied to soil and crops in a form of granules, dust or liquid sprays. In areas where crops of vegetables and cereals are cultivated aircraft is sometimes used to dust or spray pesticides.
4.Chemical pesticides are applied in nearly all farming operations undertaken in developed countries. However, increasing concern over harmful effects that pesticides can саuse has lead to the use of alternative forms of pest control, for example, farmers use crop rotation to get rid of pests that feed on a certain crop. Also, some pests are controlled by introducing organisms that damage or kill pests but leave crops unharmed. Finally, some crops are being genetically engineered to be more resistant to pests.
Выберите вопросы, которые освещены в вашей части текста, ответьте на них.
1.What chemical remedy is applied for pest control?
2.What implements are used for destroying weeds?
3.What implement breaks ground?
4.What crops are planted by broadcasting seeds?
5.What functions do agricultural machines fulfil?
6.What implement is used for destroying weeds growing around cotton?
7.What machines are applied for distributing fertilizer?
8.Why do farmers try to apply alternative forms of pest control?
9.How many ploughshares are modern tractor ploughs equipped with?
10.What chemical remedy is used for weed control?
11.What implement is used for smoothing a ploughed land?
12.What measures do farmers take for combating with pests?
13.What implement is used for sowing crops that are planted in rows?
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