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The analysis is based on four texts that are easily obtainable both in the original Japanese and in English translation. The range of subject matter and publication dates was expected to provide for a rich qualitative analysis, but it should be recognized that the number of texts is far too small to allow for a rigorous quantitative analysis of current trends in translation practice, and that this has not been attempted. The texts analysed are listed below:
| Author/ Translator | Original Title/ Title in Translation |
| - Junichiro Tanizaki (1951) | Tade kuu mushi |
| Edward G. Seidensticker (1955) | Some Prefer Nettles |
| - Ayako Miura (1973) | Shiokari toge |
| Bill & Sheila Fearnehough (1987) | Shiokari Pass |
| - Haruki Murakami (1985) | Hitsuji o meguru boken |
| Alfred Birnbaum (1989) | A Wild Sheep Chase |
| - Wahei Tatematsu (1983) | Enrai |
| Lawrence Howell & Hikaru Morimoto (1999) | Distant Thunder |
One may wish to begin by looking at the original texts to find culture-specific references that pose obstacles for the translator. However, it is equally possible to begin by looking at the translations for references to objects or behavior particular to Japanese culture. For example:
A particular kimono required a particular cloak and a particular sash.
(Some Prefer Nettles, p.8)
The sound of bedding being pounded free of dust echoed between the buildings.
(Distant Thunder, p.29)
Matsuzo always claimed the snail flesh tasted best with shochu, a distilled liquor made from potatoes, rice, or wheat.
(Distant Thunder, p.172)
(Underlining used for emphasis, italics used where used in the published text.)
The first example clearly contains three references to items of Japanese clothing. The second, meanwhile, describes a typical daily scene that will be familiar to anyone who has spent much time in Japan, but which may be outside the direct experience of many readers of the translation. In the third example it would appear that the translator has supplied additional text to explain a culture-specific item that may be unfamiliar to domestic readers. Once identified, such examples can then be compared with the corresponding sections of the Japanese text in order to identify the obstacles facing the translator, and the strategies used to overcome them.
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| Lexical Barriers and Translation Strategies in English Translations of Modern Japanese Literature | | | Sense-segments rooted in Japanese culture: three strategies for translation. |