Section IV

Ex.1. Read and learn the following words:

Black frost – a low temperature that causes intense cold without ice crystals

Clouds build up (die away) – clouds, that is the mass of water-vapour which can be seen floating above the earth gather together (disappear)

A gale – a rather strong wind between a breeze and storm

A drought – a period of dry weather that makes the land dry and hard and affects the crops

A pea-soup fog – a thick, yellow fog especially in London

A whirlwind – a swift circular movement of the air, a windstorm

A heat-wave – a rather long period of very hot weather

A blizzard – a severe snowstorm with a strong wind

A tornado – a very strong whirlwind

To affect – to produce a change (good or bad)

To occur – to happen, to take place

Damage – the result of an action that makes something less useful

To destroy – to put an end to (to kill, ruin, break to pieces)

Disaster – a great or sudden misfortune e.g. (a big fire, a great flood, an earthquake, etc.); a. disastrous

Accident – something that happens quite unexpectedly, a bad happening; by accident; to meet with an accident; accidental; accidentally

Mild – soft, gentle, not strong (of food, drink and tobacco); mild weather, winter; a mild punishment; a mild answer; mild manners; mild beer, cheese; to put it mildly; mildness

To sink (sank, sunk, sunken when used as an adjective) – to go slowly down; sink or swim – used when running great risks; one’s heart sinks at the thought of; one’s spirits sink; the sun sinks below the clouds

To last – to continue, to go on; lasting; everlasting

On the whole – taking everything into consideration; as a whole – all together, not separately; the whole truth; the whole country; with one’s whole heart

Mood – a state of mind or feeling; to be in the mood for; in a merry (good, bad) mood; a man of moods

Skies – the space above the earth. The plural form enters many idiomatic expressions – to praise to the skies. “Skies” is sometimes used for emphasis.

Ex.2. Compose your own sentences with these words

Ex.3. Fill in the gaps with a word or word combination from the Vocabulary list in the appropriate form. (See the prompts below)

In 1703 a terrible storm … over London after a spell of comparatively … weather. It … four days and the … done was very great, it was estimated at two million pounds. Houses, churches and large public buildings were …, ships on the Thames …. Many people died through … caused by falling bricks, wooden structures and broken glass. The … … the industry and trade and was remembered by the population for many years.

(mild, to last, to break out, damage, on the whole, to destroy, to sink, to affect, disaster, accident)

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