Студопедия
Случайная страница | ТОМ-1 | ТОМ-2 | ТОМ-3
АвтомобилиАстрономияБиологияГеографияДом и садДругие языкиДругоеИнформатика
ИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеталлургияМеханика
ОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРелигияРиторика
СоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияТуризмФизикаФилософияФинансы
ХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника

Section 4.2.6

Читайте также:
  1. Are the Section Headings Appropriate?
  2. Residual Lignin Structure (see Section 4.2.5)
  3. Section 278b - Terrorist association
  4. Section 4.2.3
  5. Section 4.2.4
  6. Section 4.2.5

1 Kleppe, P.J., Kraft Pulping. Tappi, 1970;

53(1): 35–47.

2 Legg, G.W., J.C. Hart, Alkaline pulping

of jackpine and Douglas Fir. Pulp and

Paper Mag. Canada, 1960; 61(5):

T299–T304.

3 Aurell, R., Kraft pulping of birch.

Svensk. Papperstidn., 1964; 67(3): 89–95.

4 Aurell, R., Nagra jamforande synpunkter.

Svensk. Papperstidn., 1963; 66(12):

978–898.

5 Nolan, W.J., Studies in continuous pulping

V. The effect of chip size and preimpregnation

on quality and yield. Tappi,

1957; 40(3): 170–190.

6 Yllner, S., B. Enstrom, Studies of the

adsorption of xylan on cellulose fibres

during the sulphate cook. Svensk Papperstidn.,

1956; 59: 229–232.

7 Aurell, R., Tappi, 1965; 48(2): 80.

8 Sixta, H., Conventional Kraft cooking of

a mixture of 50% spruce and 50% pine.

2003, R&D Department of Lenzing AG:

Lenzing, Austria.

9 Buchert, J., et al., Effect of cooking and

bleaching on the structure of xylan in

conventional pine kraft pulp. Tappi,

1995; 78(11): 125–130.

10 Buchert, J., et al. Characterization of

uronic acids during kraft and superbatch

pulping. In 9th International Symposium

on Wood and Pulping Chemistry.

Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 1997.

11 Li, J., G. Gellerstedt, The contribution to

kappa number from hexenuronic acid

groups in pulp xylan. Carbohydrate Res.,

1997; 302: 213–218.

12 MacLeod, J.M., Is unbleached softwood

kraft pulp strongest at 30 kappa number?

Pap. Puu 1991; 73: 773–777.

13 Teder, A., B. Warnqvist, Control of

bleach plant effluents by modified cooking

and oxygen bleaching, and consequences

for the recovery cycle. 1980;

76(200): 10–18.

14 McDonough, T.J., V.J.V. Drunen, Pulping

to low residual lignin contents in

the kraft-anthraquinone and kraft processes.

Tappi, 1980; 63(11): 83–87.

15 Teder, A., L. Olm, Extended delignification

by combination of modified kraft

pulping and oxygen delignification.

Pap. Puu, 1981; 63(4a): 315–326.

16 Hartler, N., Extended delignification in

kraft cooking – a new concept. Svensk.

Papperstidn., 1978; 15: 483–484.

17 Norden, S., A. Teder, Modified kraft processes

for softwood bleached-grade

pulp. Tappi, 1979; 62(7): 49–51.

18 Sjoblom, K., J. Mjoberg, N. Hartler,

Extended delignification in kraft cooking

through improved selectivity. Part 1.

The effects of the inorganic composition

of the cooking liquor. Pap. Puu, 1983; 4:

227–240.

19 Johansson, B., et al., Modified continuous

kraft pulping – now a reality. Svensk.

Papperstidn., 1984; 87(10): 30–35.

20 Jameel, H. Extended Delignification

Technology. In Workshop on Emerging

Pulping and Chlorine Free Bleaching

Technologies. Raleigh, NC, 1991.

21 Kubes, G.J., et al., Viscosities of

unbleached alkaline pulps. II. The GFactor.

J. Wood Chemistry Technol., 1983;

3(3): 313–333.

22 MacLeod, J.M., New, improved kraft

pulp quality. Pap. Puu, 1990; 72(8):

780–787.

23 Irvine, G.M., N.B. Clark, V. Recupero,

Extended delignification of mature and

plantation eucalypt wood. Part I: The

principles of extended delignification.

Appita J., 1996; 49(4): 251–257, 273.

24 Kettunen, A., et al., Effect of cooking

stage EA concentration profiles on softwood

kraft pulping. Pap. Puu, 1997;

79(4): 232–239.

25 Lindgren, C.T., M.E. Lindstrom, The

kinetics of residual delignification and

factors affecting the amount of residual

lignin during kraft pulping. J. Pulp

Paper Sci., 1996; 22(8): J290–J295.

26 Mao, B., Improved modified kraft cooking.

Part 5. Modified vapour-phase cooking

using a conventional white liquor.

Nordic Pulp Paper Res. J., 1995; 10(3):

197–200.

27 Olm, L., D. Tormund, Kraft pulping

with sulfide pretreatment. Part 2. The

influence of pretreatment and cooking

494 4 Chemical Pulping Processes

conditions on the pulp properties,

bleachability in a TCF-sequence and

strength properties. Nordic Pulp Paper

Res. J., 2000; 15(1): 70–79.

28 Vuorinen, T., et al. Selective hydrolysis

of hexeneuronic acid groups and its applications

in ECF and TCF bleaching of

kraft pulps. In 1996 International Pulp

Bleaching Conference, Washington,

1996.

29 Kettunen, A.K., et al., Cooking cellulose

material with high alkali concentrations

and/or high pH. US Patent 5,635,026.

Ahlstrom Machinery, Inc.: United

States, 1997.

30 Gierer, J., Chemical aspects of kraft

pulping. Wood Sci. Technol., 1980; 14:

241–266.

31 Mao, B., N. Hartler, Improved modified

kraft cooking. Part 1. Pretreatment with

a sodium sulfide solution. Pap. Puu,

1992; 74(6): 491–494.

32 Andrews, E.K., H.-M. Chang,

R.C. Eckert, Extended delignification

kraft pulping of softwoods – Effect of

treatments on chips and pulp with sulfide-

containing liquors. J. Wood Chemistry

Technol., 1985; 5(4): 431–450.

33 Olm, L., M. Backstrom, D. Tormund,

Treatment of softwood with sulphidecontaining

liquor prior to a kraft cook.

J. Pulp Paper Sci., 1996; 22(7):

J241–J247.

34 Hultholm, T., B. Lonnberg, The effect of

impregnation conditions on hydrosulfide

sorption in kraft cooking. In

Seventh European Workshop on Lignocellulosics

and Pulp. Turku, 2002.

35 Lownertz, P.H. US Patent 5,507,912,

1996.

36 Herschmiller, D.W., A new process for

pulping with high initial hydrosulfide

concentration. Tappi J., 1997; 80(3):

115–121.

37 Yllner, S., K. Osterberg, L. Stockman, A

study of the removal of the constituents

of pine wood in the sulphate process

using a continuous liquor flow method.

Svensk. Papperstidn., 1957; 60(21):

795–802.

38 Hartler, N., et al. Extended delignification

and its potential for environmental

improvements. In EUCEPA Symposium,

Helsinki, 1985.

39 Sjoblom, K., et al., Extended delignification

in kraft cooking through improved

selectivity. Part II. The effects of dissolved

lignin. Pap. Puu, 1988; 70(5):

452–460.

40 Gellerstedt, G., et al., Structural changes

in lignin during kraft cooking. Part 2.

Characterization by acidolysis. Svensk.

Papperstidn., 1984; 9: R61–R67.

41 Sjoblom, K., M.S. Lindblad, Extended

delignification in kraft cooking through

improved selectivity: Influence of dissolved

lignin on the alkalinity. Pap. Puu,

1990; 72(1): 51–54.

42 Gustafsson, L., A. Teder, Svensk. Papperstidn.,

1969; 72(24): 795–801.

43 Lloyd, J.A., C.W. Horne, Extended

delignification of Radiata pine by conventional

and modified kraft pulping.

Appita, 1989; 42(1): 19–24.

44 Mao, B., N. Hartler, Improved modified

kraft cooking. Part 4. Modified cooking

with improved sulfide and lignin profiles.

Pap. Puu, 1995; 77(6–7): 419–422.

45 Mao, B., Improved modified kraft cooking.

Part 6: On the chemicals and water

balances for the modified vapor-phase

cook. Tappi J., 1996; 79(5): 188–196.

46 Vroom, K.E., The ‘H’ Factor: A means of

expressing cooking times and temperatures

as a single variable. Pulp Paper

Magazine Canada, 1957; 58C: 228–231.

47 Backstrom, M., M. Hagglund, L. Olm,

Effect of cooking temperature during

extended delignification – selectivity,

strength properties and TCF-bleachability.

Pap. Puu, 1996; 78(6): 392–397.

48 Dillner, B., Isotermisk kokning – lagre

kappatal och lattblekt massa. Svensk.

Papperstidn., 1993; 96(2): 22–24.

49 Tran, A.v., Effect of cooking temperature

on kraft pulping of hardwood. Tappi J.,

2002; 1(4): 13–19.

50 Andersson, N., D.I. Wilson,

U. Germard, An improved kinetic

model structure for softwood kraft cooking.

Nordic Pulp Paper Res. J., 2003;

18(2): 200–209.

51 Sjostrom, E., The behaviour of wood

polysaccharides during alkaline pulping

processes. Tappi, 1977; 60(9): 151–154.

52 Gustavsson, C.A.-S., W.W. Al-Dajani,

The influence of cooking conditions on

the degradation of hexenuronic acid,

References 495

xylan, glucomannan and cellulose during

kraft pulping of softwood. Nordic

Pulp Paper Res. J., 2000; 15(2): 160–167.

53 Sjostrom, E., Wood Chemistry: Fundamentals

and Applications. San Diego,

California: Academic Press, Inc., 1981

54 Buchert, J., et al., Effect of cooking and

bleaching on the structure of xylan in

conventional pine kraft pulp. Tappi J.,

1995; 78(11): 125–130.

55 Sixta, H., Comparative evaluation of

CBC kraft pulping of pine and spruce

wood chips. Internal Report, R&D

Lenzing AG, 2004.

56 Axelsson, P., M. Ek, A. Teder, The influence

of alkali charge and temperature in

the kraft cook on the QPQP bleachability

and the kappa number composition

of birch pulp. Swed. Nordic Pulp & Paper

Res. J., 2002; 17(3): 206–212.

57 Sjoblom, K., Extended delignification in

kraft cooking through improved selectivity.

Part 3. The effect of dissolved

xylan on pulp yield. Nordic Pulp Paper

Res. J., 1988; 1: 34–37.

58 Pekkala, O., Some features of residual

delignification during kraft pulping of

Scots Pine. Pap. Puu, 1983; 65(4):

251–263.

59 Teder, A., P. Sandstrom, Pulp yield in

continuous kraft pulping with a modified

alkali profile. Tappi J., 1985; 68(1):

94–95.

60 Mera, F.E., J.L. Chamberlin, Extended

delignification, an alternative to conventional

kraft pulping. Tappi J., 1988; 71:

132–136.

61 Suckling, I.D., et al., Monitoring cellulose

degradation during conventional

and modified kraft pulping. J. Pulp

Paper Sci., 2001; 27(10): 336–341.

62 Holmes, G.W., E.F. Kurth, Improvements

in the determination of holocellulose.

Tappi, 1959; 42(10): 837–840.

63 Korhonen, H. 1987, Helsinki University

of Technology, Helsinki.

64 MacLeod, J.M., L.J. Pelletier, Basket

cases: kraft pulps inside digesters.

Tappi, 1987; 70(11): 47–53.

65 Cyr, M.E., D.F. Embley, J.M. MacLeod.

In Tappi Pulping Conference. Tappi,

Seattle, USA, 1989.

66 Tikka, P.O., K.K. Kovasin, Displacement

vs. conventional batch kraft pulping:

delignification patterns and pulp

strength delivery. Pap. Puu, 1990; 72(8):

773–779.

67 Li, J., O. Sevastyanova, G. Gellerstedt,

The distribution of oxidizable structures

in ECF- and TCF-bleached kraft pulps.

Nordic Pulp Paper Res. J., 2002; 17(4):

415–419.

68 Gellerstedt, G., J. Li, The contribution to

kappa number from hexenuronic acid

groups in pulp xylan. Carbohydrate Res.,

1997; 302: 213–218.

69 Rutkovsky, J., K. Perlinska-Sipa,

Extended delignification with improved

technological and economic pulping

indices. Cellulose Chemistry Technol.,

2002; 36(5–6): 483–494.

70 Forsskahl, I., T. Popoff, O. Theander,

Reactions of D-xylose and D-glucose in

alkaline, aqueous solutions. Carbohydrate

Res., 1976; 48: 13–21.

71 Gellerstedt, G., J. Li, O. Sevastyanova.

In IPBC. Halifax, Canada, 2000.

72 Pekkala, O., Some effects of extended

delignification on lignin in kraft cooking.

Pap. Puu, 1985; 67(11): 673–688.

73 Sixta, H. Influence of prehydrolysis on

pulping and bleaching. In Book of

Abstracts, 211th ACS National Meeting.

New Orleans, LA, 1996.

74 Antonsson, S., et al., A comparative

study of the impact of the cooking process

on oxygen delignification. Nordic

Pulp Paper Res. J., 2003; 18(4): 388–394.

75 Isogai, A., A. Ishizu, J. Nakano, residual

lignin and hemicellulose in wood cellulose

analysis using new permethylation

method. Holzforschung, 1989; 43(5):

333–338.

76 Ohara, S., S. Hosoya, J. Nakano, Studies

on the formation of lignin-carbohydrate

complex during alkaline pulping processes.

J. Japan Wood Res. Soc., 1980;

26(6): 408–413.

77 Gierer, J., S. Wannstrom, Formation of

alkali-stable C-C-bonds between lignin

and carbohydrate fragments during

kraft pulping. Holzforschung, 1984;

38(4): 181–184.

78 Iversen, T., S. Wannstrom, Lignin-carbohydrate

bonds in a residual lignin isolated

from pine kraft pulp. Holzforschung,

1986; 40(1): 19–22.

496 4 Chemical Pulping Processes

79 Gellerstedt, G., E.-L. Lindfors. On the

structure and reactivity of residual lignin

in kraft pulp fibers. In International

Pulp Bleaching Conference. Stockholm,

Sweden, 1991.

80 Argyropoulos, D.S., Y. Sun, E. Palus, A

novel method for isolating residual kraft

lignin. J. Pulp Paper Soc., 2002; 28(2):

50–54.

81 Jaaskelainen, A.S., et al., The effect of

isolation on the chemical structure of

residual lignin. Wood Sci. Technol., 2003;

37: 91–102.

82 Gellerstedt, G., J. Pranda, E.-L. Lindfors,

Structural and molecular properties of

residual birch kraft lignins. J. Wood

Chemistry Technol., 1994; 14(4): 467–482.

83 Jiang, Z.-H., D.S. Argyropoulos, isolation

and characterization of residual lignins

in kraft pulps. J. Pulp Paper Sci.,

1999; 25(1): 25–29.

84 George, J., D. Lachenal, D. Robert, Application

of the principles of extended

delignification: effects on softwood kraft

residual lignin. J. Pulp Paper Sci., 2000;

26(8): 271–274.

85 Froass, P.M., A.J. Ragauskas, J.-E. Jiang,

Chemical structure of residual lignin

from kraft pulp. J. Wood Chemistry Technol.,

1996; 16(4): 347–365.

86 Hortling, B., et al. in International Symposium

on Wood and Pulping Chemistry.

Beijing, China, 1993.

87 Zhan, H.-Y., et al., Structural changes of

lignin during EMCC pulping of Pinus

elliottii in Southern China. J. South

China Univ. Technol., 2002; 30(9): 65–70.

88 Gierer, J., F. Imsgard, I. Pettersson, Possible

condensation and polymerization

reactions of lignin fragments during

alkaline pulping processes. Appl. Polym.

Symp., 1976; 28: 1195.

89 Gierer, J., Chemistry of delignification.

Part 1: General concept and reactions

during pulping. Wood Sci. Technol.,

1985; 19: 289–312.

90 Parthasarathy, V.R., et al., A sulfur-free,

chlorine-free alternative to kraft pulping.

Tappi, 1996; 79(6): 189–198.

91 Argyropoulos, D.S., L. Akim, B. Ahvazi.

Salient reactions in lignin during pulping

and oxygen delignification. In Pulping/

process and product quality conference.

Boston, MA, USA: Tappi Press,

Atlanta, GA, 2000.

92 Grundelius, R., Oxidation equivalents,

OXE – an alternative to active chlorine.

Tappi J., 1992; 76(1): 133–135.

93 Gellerstedt, G., W.A.-D. W, Bleachability

of alkaline pulps. Part 1. The importance

of beta-aryl ether linkages in lignin.

Holzforschung, 2000; 54(6):

609–617.

94 Gellerstedt, G., E.-L. Lindfors, Structural

changes in lignin during kraft pulping.

Holzforschung, 1984; 38(3): 151–158.

95 Katelinen, A., et al. The role of reprecipitated

xylan in the enzymatic bleaching

of kraft pulp. In: 6th ISWPC, Appita,

1991.

96 Rolando, C., B. Monties, C. Lapierre,

Thioacidolysis. In Methods in Lignin

Chemistry, Springer-Verlag, p. 334, 1992.

97 Gustavsson, C., K. Sjostrom,W.W. Al-

Dajani, The influence of cooking conditions

on the bleachability and chemical

structure of kraft pulps. Nordic Pulp

Paper Res. J., 1999; 14(1): 71–81.

98 Surewicz, W., The sorption of organic

components from cooking liquor by cellulose

fibers; its relation to the ‘Dangerous

Cooking Crest’. Tappi J., 1962;

45(7): 570.

99 Svedman, M., P. Tikka, K. Kovasin.

Relations between cooking conditions,

pulp quality and bleachability as studied

using a New Superbatch Experimental

Cooking System. In 8th ISWPC, Helsinki,

Finland, 1995.

100 Carno, B., M. Norrstrom, L.A. Ohlsson,

The influence of cooking conditions on

the bleachability of pine sulphate pulp.

Svensk. Papperstidn., 1975; 78(4):

127–129.

101 Sjostrom, K., Influence of ionic strength

on kraft pulping. Nordic Pulp Paper Res.

J., 1999; 14(3): 226–235.

102 Sjostrom, K., Kraft cooking with varying

alkali concentration – Influence on

TCF-bleachability. Nordic Pulp Paper Res.

J., 1998; 13(1): 57–63.

103 Patt, R., et al., Chlorfreie Bleiche von

Sulfit- und ASAM-Zellstoffen im Laborund

Pilotma.stab. Das Papier, 1991;

45(10): 8–16.

104 Zimmermann, M., R. Patt, O. Kordsachia,

ASAM Pulping of Douglas-Fir and

References 497

Chlorine free Bleaching. Tappi Proc.,

1991: 115–121.

105 Zimmermann, M., R. Patt,

O. Kordsachia, ASAM Pulping of Douglas-

Fir and Chlorine free Bleaching.

Tappi J., 1991; 74(11): 129–134.

106 Teder, A., K. Sjostrom, A comparison of

bleachability in TCF sequences for alkaline

sulphite and kraft pulps. J. Pulp

Paper Sci., 1996; 22(8): 295–300.

107 Sjostrom, K., A. Teder, Changes within

the modified kraft process aiming to

improve TCF bleachability. J. Pulp Paper

Sci., 1999; 25(5): 176–182.

108 Nasman, L., B. Petterson, Commercial

utilization of cold blow and extended

delignification techniques in batch

cooking. Tappi Proc., 1985: 77–81.

109 Orgill, B., commercial utilization of cold

blow and extended delignification techniques

in batch cooking. IPPTA Convention

Issue, 1986: 56–63.

110 Ernerfeldt, B., L.E. Nasman, D. Allen,

Extended delignification in a batch

cooking system – report from start-up at

Karlsborgs Bruk, Sweden. Appita, 1986;

39(6): 459–462.

111 Fagerlund, B.K.E., Process for digesting

cellulosic material with heat recovery.

US Patent 4,578,149, 1986.

112 Fagerlund, B.K.E., Process for digesting

cellulosic material with heat recovery.

Canadian Patent 1 179 807, 1986.

113 Bowen, I.J., J.C.L. Hsu, Overview of

emerging technologies in pulping and

bleaching. Tappi J., 1990; 73(9):

205–217.

114 Tikka, P.O., S.A. Pursiainen, I.T.

Hamala, Process chemistry and control

of rapid-displacement heating. Tappi J.,

1988; 71(2): 51–58.

115 Swift, L.K., J.S. Dayton, Rapid displacement

heating in batch digesters. Pulp

Paper Canada, 1988; 89(8): 70–76.

116 Swift, L.K., RDH pulping – better pulp

properties through improved selectivity.

Tappi Proc., 1988: 31–35.

117 Meredith, M.D., The chemistry of

Beloit’s displacement heated cooking

system – RDH. Tappi Proc., 1986:

651–655.

118 Tikka, P., N.-E. Virkola, A new kraft

pulping analyzer for monitoring organic

and inorganic substances. Tappi, 1986;

69: 68–71.

119 Vikstrom, B., et al. Apparent sulfidity

and sulfide profiles in the RDH cooking

process. In Tappi Pulping Conference,

1988.

120 Tormund, D., A. Teder, New findings on

sulfide chemistry in kraft pulping

liquors. Tappi J., 1989; 72(5): 205–210.

121 Gellerstedt, G., E.-L. Lindfors, On the

formation of enol ether structures in lignin

during kraft cooking. Nordic Pulp

Paper Res. J., 1987; 2(2): 71.

122 Tormund, D., A. Teder, B. Vikstrom, Ny

metod bestammer halten flyktiga foreningar.

Nordisk Cellulosa, 1984; 1(6): 66.

123 Allison, R.W., et al., Hexenuronic acid

in kraft pulps from radiata pine. Appita

J., 1999; 52(6): 448–453.

124 Sainiemi, J., S. Hiljanen, Experiences of

low-energy batch cooking. Tappi Proc.,

1986: 643–649.

125 Kaiser, M., R. Pitre. RDH at Owens-Illinois,

Valdosta, Georgia – The world’s

first commercial scale displacement

cooking plant. Tappi Proc., 1986;

627–632.

126 Evans, J.C.W., RDH Process boosts

batch digester efficiency at U. S. and

Finnish mills. Pulp Paper, 1987: (5):

93–95.

127 Ryynanen, H., S. Pursiainen. Management

system for liquor recycling of

RDH digester house. Tappi Proc., 1987.

128 Sherwood, R.C., Z. Chaudhri, M. Brown,

Reduced steam usage in kraft batch

digesters with displacement heating.

Tappi Proc., 1983: 327–329.

129 Andrews, E.K., RDH kraft pulping to

extend delignification, decrease effluent,

and improve productivity and pulp

properties. Tappi J., 1989: 55–61.

130 Matheison, B.A., R.R. Gustafson, RDH

pulping of southern hardwoods. Tappi

J., 1996; 79(5): 180–187.

131 Sezgi, U.S., J. Colodette, L. Shackford,

E. Salvador, Rapid displacement heating

(RDH) kraft pulping and ECF bleaching

of Brazilian Eucalyptus urograndis

Part 1. 1997: 137–148.

132 Tikka, P.O., Process for preparing kraft

pulp. WO 9112368. PCT Int. Appl. 23,

1991.

498 4 Chemical Pulping Processes

133 Lonnberg, B., et al. Dissolution of wood

components in black liquor started displacement

kraft batch cooking. In International

Symposium on Wood and

Pulping Chemistry. Beijing, China,

1993.

134 Siistonen, H., et al., Behaviour of pine

wood material during displacement

kraft batch cooking. Pap. Puu, 1999;

81(5): 379–383.

135 Svedman, M.A., K.K. Kovasin, and

P.O. Tikka. Relations between cooking

conditions, pulp quality and bleachability

as studied using a new Superbatch

experimental cooking system. In 8th

International Symposium on Wood and

Pulping Chemistry. Helsinki, Finland,

1995.

136 Pursiainen, S., et al., Mill-scale experiences

of extended delignification with

Super Batch cooking method. Tappi J.,

1990: 115–122.

137 Hepp, M.D., Process for continuously

guiding liquids when digesting pulp in

a digester. European Patent Specification.

EP 0891 438 B1: Europe, 1997.

138 Wizani, W., et al. CBC – Continuous

batch cooking. The revolution in kraft

cooking. In Pulping process and product

quality conference. Boston, MA,

USA, 2000.

139 Jiang, J., Effect of alkali profiles on carbohydrate

chemistry during kraft pulping

of hardwoods. In 10th International

Symposium on Wood and Pulping

Chemistry. Yokohama, Japan, 1999.

140 Aurell, R., N. Hartler, Kraft pulping of

pine. Part 1. Changes in the composition

of the wood residue during the

cooking process. Svensk. Papperstidn.,

1965; 68(3): 59–68.

141 Sloman, A., Continuous two stage soda

pulping of eucalyptus. Appita, 1960;

14(2): 57–64.

142 Sloman, A., J. Richter, New cooking

method proves successful. Pulp Paper

Int., 1961 (June): 18–19.

143 Norden, S., A. Teder, Modified kraft processes

for softwood bleached-grade

pulps. Tappi, 1979; 62(7): 49–51.

144 Mjoberg, P., K. Sjoblom, N. Hartler.

Extensive delignification through controlled

liquor concentrations. In

EUCEPA, 1980.

145 Hartler, N., Modified kraft cooking technology.

In Workshop on Emerging

Pulping and Chlorine Free Bleaching

Technologies. Raleigh, NC, 1991.

146 Backlund, E.A., Extended delignification

of softwood kraft pulp in a continuous

digester. Tappi J., 1984; 67(11): 62–65.

147 Backlund, A. A progress report on continuous

digester development. In XXI

EUCEPA International Conference. Torremolinos,

Spain, 1984.

148 Kortelainen, V.A., E.A. Backlund,

Experiences with extended delignification

of hardwood and softwood kraft

pulp in a continuous digester. Tappi J.,

1985; 68(11): 70–74.

149 Greenwood, B.F., A Review of the Basis

for and the Current Status of Modified

Continuous Cooking. In AIChE Forest

Products Division Sessions, 1988.

150 Dillner, B., Modified continuous cooking.

Japan Pulp Paper, 1989; 49–55.

151 Whitley, D.L., J.R. Zierdt, D.J. Lebel,

Mill experiences with conversion of a

Kamyr digester to modified continuous

cooking. Tappi J., 1990; 73(1): 103–108.

152 Jansson, J., A. Teder, A contribution to

the determination of pulp yield by

chemical analysis. Application to modified

kraft cooking of pinewood. Nordic

Pulp Paper Res. J., 1986; 1(1): 43–45.

153 McNaughton, J.G., W.Q. Yean,

D.A.I. Goring, Tappi, 1967; 40(11):

548–553.

154 Stromberg, B., Modified continuous

cooking – an update. Tappi Proc., 1987.

155 Jiang, J.E., et al., Extended delignification

with prolonged mild counter-current

cooking stage. Appita J., 1992;

45(1): 19–22.

156 Marcoccia, B.S., J.R. Prough,

R.O. Laakso, J.R. Phillips, R.C. Ryham,

J.T. Richardsen, R.F. Chasse, Kraft pulp,

its production with dissolved solids control

and apparatus for. PCT Int. Appl.,

1991; 78.

157 Marcoccia, B.S., T.M. Poulin. A Lo-solids

pulping update. In 29th Pulp and

Paper Annual Meeting, ABTCP. Sao

Paulo, Brazil, 1996.

158 Marcoccia, B.S., et al., Dissolved solids

control in pulp production. US Patent

5,547,012, 1996.

References 499

159 Sammartino, L.S., Lo-solids cooking

trials at Howe Sound Pulp & Paper Ltd.

Pulp Paper Canada, 1996; 97(3): 61–65.

160 Marcoccia, B.S., The theoretical background

to Lo-Solids Pulping. In CPPA

82nd Annual meeting of the technical

association. Montreal, PQ, 1996.

161 Stromberg, B., Yield increases with Lo-

Solids cooking. In Congresso e Exposicao

Anual de Celulose e Papel. Sao

Paolo, Brazil, 2002.

162 Edmonds, J., W.E. Wiley. In ASKK Tech.

Symposium. Tokyo, 1997.

163 Prough, J.R., et al., Method for selectively

increasing the sulfide ion concentration

and sulfidity of kraft cooking

liquor during kraft cooking of wood. US

Patent 5,575,890, 1996.

164 Stromberg, B., Evolution of the Andritz

digester. Internal Report, Andritz, 1996.

165 Achren, S., et al., Improved pulp yield

by optimized alkaline profiles in kraft

delignification of birch wood. In Tappi

‘Breaking the Pulp Yield Barrier’ Symposium.

Atlanta, 1998; 91–101.

166 Jiang, J., 10th International Symposium

on Wood and Pulping Chemistry. Yokohama,

Japan, 1999.

167 Jiang, J.E., R.W. Allison, J.A. Lloyd,

Factors responsible for yield gains from

Lo-Solids pulping of Eucalyptus species.

Appita, 2001; 54(3): 304–309.

168 Kettunen, A., et al., Enhanced alkali profile

cooking: further improvements in

pulp tear strength. In 1997 Pulping

Conference. San Francisco, CA, TAPPI

Proceedings, 1997; Vol. 1, p. 587–592.

169 Teder, A., Redox potential of polysulfide

solutions and carbohydrate stabilization.

Svensk. Papperstidn., 1968; 71(5):

149–160.

170 Taga, G., T. Nishi, S. Miyao, J. Ja, Tappi,

1964; 18(1): 27–31.

171 Smith, G.C., S.E. Knowles, R.P. Green,

All it takes is Moxy: Mead oxidation system

generates polysulfide liquor. Paper

Trade J., 1975; 159(13): 38–41.

172 Gustafsson, L., A. Teder, Alkalinity in

alkaline pulping. Svensk. Papperstidn.,

1969; 72(24): 795–801.

173 Mao, B., N. Hartler, Improved modified

kraft cooking. Part 3: Modified vaporphase

polysulfide cooking. Tappi J.,

1994; 77(11): 149–152.

174 Lindgren, C., M. Lindstrom, Thermal

decomposition of inorganic polysulfides

at kraft cooking conditions. Nordic Pulp

Paper Res. J, 1995; 10(1): 41–45.

175 Lindstrom, M.E., Some factors affecting

the amount of residual phase lignin during

kraft pulping, PhD-Thesis, In Royal

Institute of Technology, Pulp and Paper

Chemistry and Technology. KTH: Stockholm,

1997.

176 Alfredson, B., O. Samuelson,

B. Sandstig, Carboxyl end groups in sulfate

and polysulfide pulps. Svensk. Papperstidn.,

1963; 66(18): 703–706.

177 Nakano, J., et al., Studies on polysulfide

cooking. I. Behaviour of lignin during

polysulfide cooking. J. Jpn. Wood Res.

Soc., 1964; 10: 141–146.

178 Brunow, G., G.E. Miksche, Some reactions

of lignin in kraft and polysulfide

pulping. Appl. Polym. Symp., 1976; 28:

1155–1168.

179 Berthold, F., C.T. Lindgren,

M.E. Lindstrom, Formation of (4-hydroxy-

3-methoxyphenyl)-glyoxylic acid

and (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-

glyoxylic acid during polysulfide treatment

of softwood and hardwood. Holzforschung,

1998; 52(2): 197–199.

180 Berthold, F., M.E. Lindstrom, Polysulfide

addition as a means to increase

delignification in kraft pulping. Nordic

Pulp Paper Res. J., 1997; 12(4): 230–236.

181 Berthold, F., G. Gellerstedt, Influence of

polysulphide on the rate of degradation

of six p-OH styrene structures at two

OH- concentrations. Holzforschung,

1998; 52(5): 490–498.

182 Kleppe, P.J., K. Kringstad, Sulphate

pulping by the polysulfide process I.

Investigations on spruce and pine.

Norsk. Skogind., 1963; 17(11): 428–440.

183 Kleppe, P.J., K. Kringstad, Sulphate

pulping by the polysulfide process II.

Investigations on birch. Norsk. Skogind.,

1964; 18(1): 13–23.

184 Green, R.P., Z.C. Prusas, Polysulfide

pulping of two Canadian softwood

blends. Pulp Paper Canada, 1975; 76(9):

69–72.

185 Jiang, J.E., Extended modified cooking

of Southern pine with polysulfide:

effects on pulp yield and physical properties.

Tappi J., 1994; 77(2): 120–124.

500 4 Chemical Pulping Processes

186 Kleppe, P.J., Tappi, 1975; 58(8): 172.

187 Lindstrom, M., A. Teder, The effect of

polysulfide pretreatment when kraft

pulping to very low kappa numbers.

Nordic Pulp Paper Res. J., 1995; 10(1):

8–11.

188 Pekkala, O., On the extended delignification

using polysulphide or anthraquinone

in kraft pulping. Pap. Puu, 1982;

11: 735–744.

189 Hakanen, A., A. Teder, Modified kraft

cooking with polysulfide: yield, viscosity,

and physical properties. Tappi J., 1997;

80(7): 189–196.

190 Hilmo, P., K. Johnsen, Polysulfide kraft

cooking proves itself in Norwegian pulp

mill. Pulp Paper Int., 1969 (2): 39–42.

191 Jiang, J.E., Extended delignification of

southern pine with anthraquinone and

polysulfide. Tappi, 1995; 78(2): 126–132.

192 Jameel, H., et al., Extending delignification

with AQ/polysulfide. Tappi J., 1995;

78(9): 151–160.

193 Li, Z., J. Li, G.J. Kubes, Kinetics of

delignification and cellulose degradation

during kraft pulping with polysulphide

and anthraquinone. J. Pulp Paper

Sci., 2002; 28(7): 234–239.

194 Kleppe, P.J., Emerging delignification

technology. IPPTA, 1996; 8(1): 1–9.

195 Kleppe, P.J., A mill trial with the addition

of a small amount of AQ to kraft

and polysulfide pulping. Pap. Puu,

1981; 63(4): 204–210.

196 Smith, G.C., F.W. Sanders. US Patent

87 504, 1970.

197 Blain, T.J., Anthraquinone pulping: fifteen

years later. Tappi J., 1993; 76(3):

137–146.

198 Bach, B., G. Fiehn, Neue Moglichkeiten

zur Kohlenhydratstabilisierung im alkalischen

Holzaufschlu.. Zellstoff Papier,

1972; 21(3): 3–7.

199 Heikkila, H., E. Sjostrom, Introduction

of aldonic acid end-groups into cellulose

by various oxidants. Cell. Chem. Technol.,

1975; 9(3): 3–11.

200 Ruoho, K., E. Sjostrom, Improved stabilization

of carbohydrates by the oxygenquinone

system. Tappi, 1978; 61(7):

87–88.

201 Samuelson, O., L.A. Sjoberg, Spent

liquors from sodium hydroxide cooking

with addition of anthraquinone. Cell.

Chem. Technol., 1978; 12: 463–472.

202 Saka, S., PhD-Thesis, North Carolina

State University: Raleigh, NC 27650,

USA, 1978.

203 Gratzl, J.S., The reaction mechanisms

of anthraquinone in alkaline pulping.

In Proceedings of 1980 EUCEPA Symposium.

Helsinki, Finland, 1980; Vol. 2,

p. 1201–1227.

204 Fengel, D., The distribution of aqueous

solutions within wood. J. Polymer Sci.,

1971; 36: 141–152.

205 Fullerton, T.J., Soda pulping with

anthrahydroquinones. Appita, 1978; 38:

117–118.

206 Revenga, J.A., F. Rodriguez, J. Tijero,

Reduction Constant of anthraquinone

in kraft pulping liquor. J. Pulp Paper

Sci., 1995; 21(3): 104–109.

207 Gourang, I., R. Cassidy, C.W. Dence,

Reduction of anthraquinone. Sodaanthraquinone

pulping of Norway

spruce. Tappi, 1979; 62(7): 43–47.

208 Gratzl, J.S., Redox-processes in alkaline

pulping in the presence of anthraquinone

compounds – an overview. In 7th

International Symposium on Wood and

Pulping Chemistry. Beijing, China,

1993: Vol. 1, 1–8.

209 Hise, R.G., et al., Oxidative-hydrolytic

processes in alkaline pulping. In 5th

International Symposium on Wood and

Pulping Chemistry. Paris, France, 1987;

391–398.

210 Dimmel, D.R., L.F. Perry, P.D. Palasz,

H.L. Chum, Electron transfer reactions

in pulping systems. (II): electrochemistry

of anthrquinone/lignin model quinonemethides.

J. Wood Chem. Technol.,

1985; 5(1): 15–36.

212 Gosh, K.L., et al., Quinone additives in

soda pulping of hardwoods. Tappi, 1977;

60(11): 127–131.

213 Lin, C.K., Prehydrolysis-alkaline pulping

of sweetgum wood. PhD-Thesis,

North Carolina State University:

Raleigh, NC 27650, USA, 1979.

214 Holton, H.H., F.L. Chapman, Kraft

pulping with anthraquinone. Tappi,

1977; 60(11): 121–125.

215 Goel, K., A.M. Ayroud, B. Branch,

Anthraquinone in kraft pulping. Tappi,

1980; 63(8): 83–85.

References 501

216 Fullerton, T.J., B.I. Fleming, Svensk.

Papperstidn., 1980; 83(14): 396–397.

217 Fullerton, T.J., A.J. Kerr, Practical

aspects of kraft-AQ pulping of Pinus

radiata. Appita, 1981; 35(2): 135–139.

218 Sharma, Y.K., K.S. Bhandari, Effective

utilisation of cooking chemicals by use

of additive. IPPTA, 1982; 19(1): 12–15.


Дата добавления: 2015-10-21; просмотров: 81 | Нарушение авторских прав


Читайте в этой же книге: Cooking Conditions | Alternative Sulfite Pulping Concepts | Magnefite Process | Two-Stage Neutral Magnefite (Bisulfite-MgO) | Sivola Processes | Stora Processes (Hydrogen Sulfite or Monosulfite-Acid Sulfite) | Alkaline Sulfite Pulping | Na2SO3 Na2CO3 NaOH | Section 4.2.3 | Section 4.2.4 |
<== предыдущая страница | следующая страница ==>
Section 4.2.5| Section 4.2.7

mybiblioteka.su - 2015-2024 год. (0.206 сек.)