Types of Democracy

Democracy is a system of government by which politicalsovereignty is retained by the people and either exercised directlyby citizens or through their elected representatives.

There are several varieties of democracy, some of whichprovide better representation and more freedoms for their citizensthan others. Though the term “democracy” is typically used in thecontext of a political state, the principles are also applicable toprivate organizations and other groups.

Some types of democracy existing in modern world are:

 Defensive democracy, a situation in which a democraticsociety has to limit some rights and freedoms in order toprotect the institutions of democracy.

 Democratic centralism, an organizational method wheremembers of a political party discuss and debate matters ofpolicy and direction and after the discussion is made bymajority vote, all members are expected to follow that

decision in public.

 Direct democracy, implementation of democracy in morepure forms; classically termed pure democracy.

 Illiberal democracy, a type of representative democracywhere there are no or only weak limits on the power of theelected representatives to rule as they please.

 Liberal democracy, a form of representative democracywith protection for individual liberty and property by ruleof law.

 Parliamentary democracy, a democratic system ofgovernment where the executive branch of aparliamentary government is typically a cabinet, and

headed by a prime-minister who is considered the head ofgovernment.

 Republican democracy, a republic which has democracythrough elected representatives.

 Totalitarian democracy, a system of government in whichlawfully elected representatives maintain the integrity of anation state whose citizens, while granted the right to vote,have little or no participation in the decision-making

process of the government.

Modern direct democracy is characterized by three pillars:

Initiative

Referendum

Recall

Switzerland provides the strongest example of moderndemocracy at both the local and federal levels. Another examplecomes from the United States, where, despite being a federalrepublic where no direct democracy exists at the federal level, thevast majority of the states have either initiatives and/or

referendums.

Liberal democracy is a form of government, a politicalsystem. A liberal democracy has elections, a multiplicity ofpolitical parties, political decisions are made through anindependent legislature, and an independent judiciary. A liberaldemocracy may take the form of a constitutional republic or a

constitutional monarchy.

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