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The processability of dissolving pulps. It is reported that viscose filterability (determined
By the clogging constant) gradually deteriorates when increasing the residual
lignin content from about 0.17 to 0.36% [34].
Inorganic Compounds
The presence of certain inorganic compounds such as silicates, Ca salts, and catalytically
Active transition metal ions (Fe, Mn, Co, etc.) clearly impairs the filterabil-
Pulp Properties and Applications
Ity and spinnability of a cellulose spinning dope (e.g., viscose or lyocell type of
Fibers). Moreover, pulp contamination with inorganic compounds leads to a gradual
clogging of the spinnerets, and this alters the uniformity of the fiber titer [13].
In particular, the cations Ca2+ and Fe2+, as well as silicates, are considered to be
Detrimental in this respect. Although Fe(II), and to a lesser extent Cu(II), promote
Light-induced yellowing, both cations are involved in detrimental degradation reactions
In the presence of hydrogen peroxide bleaching (Fenton-type reaction).
Thus, all necessary measures must be undertaken (acid wash, chelation stage,
Etc.) to remove catalytically active cations.
Surprisingly, most of the harmful ash components are not distributed homogeneously
In the pulp, but are present as particulates in certain cell fractions, particularly
in the parenchyma cells [35]. Therefore, the only promising way to reduce
The amount of harmful ash components is an efficient mechanical pulp treatment
Which applies combined pressure screening of unbleached pulp and centrifugal
Cleaning after bleaching. This treatment ensures the removal of extremely small
Debris such as sand, bark specks, and shives. Again, the best way to control inorganic
Compounds is to reduce them to the lowest level economically feasible.
Macromolecular Properties
Molar mass, molar mass distribution
Since celluloses from natural sources and after chemical treatment are always
Polydisperse, the determination of the average molecular weight (e.g., by viscosimetry)
Is insufficient to predict specific product properties. Additional information
Is provided by the measuring molecular weight distribution (MWD) of dissolving
Pulps.
Measurements of MWD reveal a multimodal distribution for pulps produced
According to acid sulfite cooking, while the PHK pulps show a rather uniform
MWD. Dissolving pulps, being representative of various applications including
Viscose, acetate and high-viscosity ether, are compared in Fig. 11.11.
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The viscose demonstrates both a clear reduction in the particle volume and a shift | | | The numerical evaluation of the MWD, as well as additional pulp quality parameters, |