Increase pollution by causing a higher demand for a chemical to achieve identical

Results. Pulping to very low kappa number for less bleaching chemical demand

And effluent load might result in a lower yield, and so require more wood. It can

In addition negatively affect fiber strength, which in turn triggers a higher

demand for strong reinforcement fiber. Taken together, all of these “pros” and

“cons” can result in a negative ecobalance for the positive intention.

Slogans such as effluent-free, chlorine-free or closed loop must be placed into

Perspective and analyzed very carefully for their total impact. Unfortunately, the

Tendency to simplify a complicated matter, and the desire to impress with achievements,

Have caused misleading impressions about the feasibility and impact of

Loop closure. On occasion, frequent loop opening is described as the use of kidneys,

And the yield on wood as a parameter to be neglected. One study which aims

To bring together all parameters into a realistic perspective is the Ecocyclic pulp

mill project [15]. It demonstrates the potential for improvements and aims to set

Priorities. An increasing knowledge of the processes will doubtless generate the

Potential to balance the different interests of the conservation and the intelligent

Use of resources, with a minimum impact on the environment at best fiber quality,

To name only three parameters.

Environmental Aspects of Pulp Production

References

1 D. Fengel, G. Wegener, Wood: Chemistry,

Ultrastructure, reactions. De Gruyter, New

York, 1983.

Integrated pollution prevention and

Control, Reference document on best

Available techniques in the pulp and

Paper industry, European Commission,

Sevilla, Spain, December, 2001.

3 Draft main report: Development of new

Environmental emission guide lines for

Any new bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp

mill in Tasmania, Vols. 1–3. Resource

Planning and Development Commission,

Hobart, Tasmania, 2004

http//www.rpdc.tas.gov.au.

W. Sandermann, Die Kulturgeschichte des

Papiers. Springer-Verlag, 1988.

P. Perolle, H.H. Myburgh, A. Roberts,

Pulp Pap. 1969; 43(10): 148–150;

G. Rowlandson, Continuous oxygen

Bleaching in commercial production.

Tappi J., 1971; 54(6): 962–967.

H. Klein, J.P. Franzreb, Delignifizierende

Bleiche von Sulfitzellstoffen mit Wasserstoffperoxid.

Eucepa Tagung, Helsinki,

1980: 9:1–9:25.

H. Solbach, Erfahrungen mit der Abwaserbehandlung

In einer integrierten

Zellstoff- und Papierfabrik. Papier, 1977;

31(10A): V87–V91.

D.W. Reeve, G. Rowlandson,

W.H. Rapson, The effluent-free

Bleached kraft pulp mill. Pulp Paper

Canada, 1977; 78(3): T50–T56;

D.W. Reeve, The effluent-free bleached

kraft pulp mill – Part XIII: The second

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