Types of Prophylaxis

The term prophylaxis refers ____ measures taken ____ order to prevent disease or health problems, rather than ____ treat or cure an existing condition. Such measures, sometimes known as preventative care, may also be used to stem an outbreak or minimize the symptoms ___ someone who was exposed to an infectious agent or health hazard. This medical term comes ____ a Greek word meaning "to guard against," a reference to the fact that it is intended to provide protection ____ patients ____ risk of disease.

There are two main types of prophylaxis: primary and secondary. Any measure taken to prevent an illness before it occurs is primary prophylaxis. This could include getting a vaccination to prevent an illness or brushing teeth to prevent gum disease. Secondary prophylaxes are procedures that help prevent infection after exposure _____ a disease, or to ease symptoms associated ____ an illness or health condition. For example, if health care workers are exposed ____ the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), they may take antiretroviral drugs to help prevent the virus ____ developing into an active infection.

Exercise 10. Open the brackets. Put the verb in the correct tense form. Pay attention to the adverbial modifier of time.

1. A doctor (to have) examination of the patients every day.

2. The nurse (not to make) an injection yet.

3. That young surgeon (never to perform) an operation.

4. This patient’s relatives (to arrive) tomorrow.

5. Students (to investigate) tobacco mosaic disease at the moment.

6. A child usually (to brush) his teeth at 9 p.m.

7. The boy (to read) an article about hygiene for 15 minutes.

8. Second-year students (to go) to the hospital yesterday.

9. Inattention to personal hygiene sometimes (to lead) to diseases.

10. The patient (to have) dental checkup last week.

11. The doctor (to examine) these patients by 5 o’clock tomorrow.

12. A nurse (to sit) near the ill from 3 to 10 p.m.

Exercise 11. Make the sentences Passive.

1. The scientist provided bacteriological research.

2. The students observe bacteria with the help of microscope.

3. He damaged his ligament.

4. The nurse will give this drug to the patient tonight.

5. Students spoiled the experiment because of their inattention.

6. Student will learn anatomy on the first course of the University.

7. A microbiologist was performing an experiment on fungi at 9 a.m.

8. The doctor on duty prescribed this patient a bed regimen.

9. A passer-by bandaged victim’s wound as quickly as he could.

10. They admit a lot of patients to the hospital every day.

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