Exercise 19. Arrange the following sentences in a correct order to describe the following term

1. The pituitary gland is often called the “master gland” because it releases hormones that control other glands and such processes in the body as growth, blood pressure, temperature regulation, etc.

2. They affect many different processes in the body including growth and development, metabolism, sexual function, behavior, reproduction, mood, etc.

3. Endocrine glands, such as the pituitary (hypophysis), pineal, thymus, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas, make hormones.

4. The deficiency of any hormone leads to a particular disease, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, dwarfism and gigantism.

5. A hormone is a special chemical released by one or more cells that affects cells in other parts of the organism.

Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)

I. Перекладіть словосполучення: гіпофіз та тимус шишкоподібна залоза та надниркова залоза підшлункова залоза та щитовидна залоза підтримувати імунну систему сприяти розвитку кісток призвести до ожиріння та цукрового діабету призначення гормонів аномальний рівень гормонів недостатність гормонів вивільняти гормони   II. Дайте відповідь на питання: What is a hormone? What processes in the body can hormones affect? Why is the pituitary gland called the “master gland”? How may the hormone imbalance influence the organism? What diseases caused by hormone deficiency do you know?   III. Розкрийте поняття:гормони

Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System

Exercise 1.Topic vocabulary:

alert, v	[ə'lɜ:t]	попереджати
breakdown, n	[‘bre͟ɪkdaʊn]	розпад
cavernous, adj	['kævənəs]	печеристий; порожнинний; кавернозний
consume, v	[kən'sjuːm]	вживати
convey, v	[kən'vei]	перевозити, транспортувати
eliminate, v	[ɪ'lɪmɪneɪt]	усувати, виключати
extremity, n	[ɪk'stremətɪ]	полюс (нирки)
expand, v	[ik'spænd]	розширювати
medulla, n	[me'dʌlə]	мозкова речовина
renal pelvis, n	[ˈriːn(ə)l ’pɛlvɪs]	(ниркова) миска
prostatic, adj	[prɔ'stætik]	простатичний, який відноситься до передміхурової залози
renal cortex, n	[ˈriːn(ə)l ˈkɔːtɛks]	коркова речовина нирки
sphincter, n	['sficktə]	сфінктер (круговий м'яз, що звужує при скороченні порожній орган)
ureter, n	[juǝ'ri:tǝ]	сечовід
urethra, n	[jʊǝˈriːθrə]	сечовипускальний канал, уретра

Exercise 2. Read and translate into your native language:

Ureter: There are 2 ureters in the human body. Ureters convey urine from the kidneys.

Duct: bile duct, obstruction of the urinary ducts.

Convey: convey oxygen from the lungs, convey waste substances from the kidneys.

Urethra: Inflammation of urethra, the difference between male and female urethra. The urethra is the organ of the urinary system.

Urinary bladder: urinary bladder infection, rupture of the urinary bladder. Cystitis is an inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Kidney: two kidneys, inflammation of kidneys, kidney extremity, kidney infection, the enlarged boarders of the kidney.

Exercise 3. Form nouns with the help of suffixes:

–sion/-tion: tourinate, to secrete, to eliminate, to manifest, to expand.

-ment: to improve, to enlarge, to move, to attach, to achieve.

-ance: to appear, to differ, to depend, to maintain, to correspond.

Exercise 4. Translate the word-combinations into your native language:

An upper and lower extremity of the kidney; the renal medulla and the renal pelvis; a triangle-shaped organ; the prostatic, membranous, and cavernous portions; to hold in place by ligaments; to discharge urine from the body; soluble substances and waste products; to convey the urine from the kidneys; excess of water; walls relax and expand; to alert about the time to urinate; bacteria, viruses and fungi; to tighten and relax continually; breakdown of active tissues; to consume food; to eliminate waste substances from the body.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text:

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