А) The endocrine glands

1. Glands which produce internal secretions or hormones are called endocrine glands.

2. Ductless glands make a secretion which they pour into the blood stream.

3. The endocrine glands regulate all functions of the body.

4. All glands in the human body can be divided into glands with ducts and ductless.

5. The chief ductless glands are: the thyroid gland, the adrenal glands and the pituitary gland.

B) The thyroid gland

1. The cells of the thyroid secrete thyroxin, which passes into the circulation.

2. The thyroid gland lies in the front of the neck.

3. The gland is well supplied with blood vessels and consists essentially of secreting cells.

4. Thyroxin controls the general metabolism or activity of the body tissues.

5. The thyroid consists of two lobes lying on either side.

C) Adrenal glands

1. The adrenal glands consist of two parts, cortex and medulla.

2.Adrenalin increases in excitement and strong emotions such as fear or anger.

3. The adrenal glands are two small triangular glands lying one over each kidney.

4. The medulla produces a very important secretion called adrenalin

5. The outer part produces a secretion which affects sex. Oversecretion produces masculinity in the female and in the male it produces too early development of the male reproductive organs.

D) The pituitary gland

1. The pituitary gland lies in the pituitary fossa in the base of the skull.

2. The anterior lobe produces a number of important hormones affecting growth and sexual development and the functioning of the thyroid and the adrenal glands.

3. The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is a small gland about the size of a pea.

4. Pituitrin stimulates involuntary muscle and therefore contracts the blood vessels and raises blood pressure, stimulates peristalsis,

5. The posterior lobe produces the secretion known as pituitrin.

Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)

I. Перекладіть словосполучення: збільшення у розмірі голови, рук та ліця карликовість нарниркова залоза щитовидна залоза гіпофіз передня та задня долі статевий розвиток трикутна залоза потік крові органи розмноження   II. Дайте відповіді на питання: What are the main ductless glands? What is the structure of the thyroid gland? What does thyroxin control? What is the structure of the adrenal glands? What is the structure of the pituitary gland? What does the pituitary gland affect?   III. Розкрийте поняття: Ендокринні залози Щитовидна залоза Надниркова залози Гіпофіз

Hormones

Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:

alter, v	['ɔːltə]	змінювати
contribute to, v	[kən'tribju:t]	сприяти
diabetes mellitus, n	[ˌdaɪə'biːtiːz]	цукровий діабет
dwarfism, n	[ˈdwɔːfɪz(ə)m]	карликовость
hypophysis, n	[hʌɪˈpɒfɪsɪs]	гіпофіз
mood, n	[muːd]	настрій
obesity, n	[ə(u)'biːsɪtɪ]	ожиріння
pineal gland, n	['piniəl]	шишкоподібна залоза
release, v	[rɪ'liːs]	вивільняти, звільняти
thymus, n	['θaiməs]	тимус, вилочкова залоза

Exercise 2.Form new words with the help of suffixes and prefixes. Translate them:

Example: un -: known (відомий) – un known (не відомий)

un -: controllable, developed, useful, complicated, certain.

dis-: function, infect, integrate, balance, order.

Exercise 3. Read and translate:

To release chemicals, to alter behavior and patient’s mood, the function of pituitary gland, to contribute to the disorder of pineal gland function, to maintain the work of immune system, disturbed functions of adrenal glands, to have a significant impact, to regulate the wake-sleep cycle, the abnormal level of hormones, to change from head to toe at puberty, to contribute to bone and muscle building, used to combat infection and abnormal cells, to cope with different events and stresses.

Exercise 4. Read and translate:

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