Exercise 13. Read the following information, get ready to define terms “neuron”, “nervous system”.

1. A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system. Neurons are similar to other cells in the human body in a number of ways, but there is one key difference between neurons and other cells. Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the body.

These highly specialized nerve cells are responsible for communicating information in both chemical and electrical forms. There are also several different types of neurons responsible for different tasks in the human body.

Sensory neurons carry information from the sensory receptor cells throughout the body to the brain. Motor neurons transmit information from the brain to the muscles of the body. Interneurons are responsible for communicating information between different neurons in the body.

2. The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. Together, these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts. The brain and spinal cord form the control center known as the central nervous system, where information is evaluated and decisions made. The sensory nerves and sense organs of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) monitor conditions inside and outside of the body and send this information to the CNS. Efferent nerves in the PNS carry signals from the control center to the muscles, glands, and organs to regulate their functions.

Завдання для самостійної роботи студента (СРС)

I. Перекладіть словосполучення: головний і спинний мозок діяльність організму м’яз, що довільно скорочується відповідати за рухи ланцюг нервових вузлів умовний рефлекс мимовільні рухи передавати електричні нервові імпульси чутливість до подразників провокувати реакцію в клітині або тканині   II. Дайте відповіді на запитання: What is the main function of the nervous system? What is the central nervous system formed by? How are nerve cells called? What works in balance with sympathetic nervous system? What reflexes are called conditional?   III. Розкрийте поняття: Нервова система Нейрон

The Brain

Exercise 1. Topical vocabulary:

afferent, adj.	['æf(ə)rənt]	аферентний, доцентровий
consciousness, n	['kɔnʃəsnɪs]	свідомість
core, n	[kɔ:]	ядро
enclosed, adj.	[in'kləʊzd]	закритий, обгороджений
interpret, v	[ɪn'tɜːprɪt]	тлумачити; пояснювати
medulla, n	[me'dʌlə]	кістковий мозок; спинний мозок
reasoning, n	['riːz(ə)nɪŋ]	міркування
sensory, adj.	['sens(ə)ri]	чутливий
stimulus, n	['stɪmjələs]	стимул; подразник
touch, n	[tʌʧ]	дотик, торкання

Exercise 2. Make nouns from the given verbs by means of noun-forming suffixes:

Diagnose, examine, prescribe, suffer, connect, move, recover, analyze, replace, communicate, weigh, improve, protect, solve, connect, discover, remove, compose, mix, circulate, transmit.

Exercise 3. Guess the meaning of the words without a dictionary:

Vital, membranous, circulatory, nervous, mass, formation, respiration, analyze, mixture, composition, diagnose, fibrous, functioning, portion, systemic, cerebral, electrochemical, component, emotion, memory.

Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian:

a core of grey matter, average brain weight, bundles of nerves, medulla oblongata, afferent fibers, sensory centers, voluntary muscles, nerve stimulus, vital functions, reflex movement, to be enclosed in vertebral column, complex network of cells, layers of membrane, vital functions, sight and hearing; smell, touch and taste; will power and consciousness; respiration and circulation; entire system.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text:

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