Перелік питань підсумкового контролю.

1. Linguistic changes. Their rate and mechanism.

2. Germanic languages in past and present.

3. Principal linguistic features of Germanic languages.

4. Word stress in Proto-Germanic.

5. Vowels in Proto-Germanic.

6. Consonants in Proto-Germanic: Grimm’s Law.

7. Verner’s Law (voicing of fricatives).

8. Historical background of Old English.

9. Celts.

10. Roman conquest.

11. Ancient Germans.

12. Early OE. Events of history between the 5^th-11^th c.

13. Periods of the history of English.

14. Conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. Its role for the Anglo-Saxons.

15. OE alphabet and pronunciation.

16. OE written records.

17. OE dialects.

18. Origin of English vowels.

19. Changes of stressed vowels in early OE (independent: development of monophthongs, development of diphthongs).

20. Assimilative vowel changes: breaking and diphthongisation, palatal mutation.

21. Changes of unstressed vowels in Early OE.

22. Old English consonant changes.

23. Danish raids on Britain. Danish invasion in Britain.

24. Unification of Anglo-Saxon Kingdom.

25. Rein of King Alfred (the Great) (871-899).

26. OE morphology. Parts of speech.

27. OE nouns.

28. OE pronouns.

29. OE adjectives.

30. OE adverbs and numerals.

31. Grammatical categories of finite verbs.

32. Morphological classification of OE verbs.

33. Strong verbs.

34. Weak verbs and minor groups of verbs.

35. Word order in OE sentence. Connectives.

36. OE vocabulary.

37. Development of feudalism in Britain in the 11-14^th c.

38. The Norman Conquest and its effect on the linguistic situation in Britain.

39. Middle English dialects.

40. London dialect.

41. The age of Chaucer. Principal Middle English written records.

42. Development of the National Literary English Language (16-19^th c.).

43. Establishment of the written and spoken standard of English.

44. Geographical expansion of the English language from the 17^th to 19^th c.

45. Phonetic and orthoepic changes of English in Late Middle Ages.

46. Evolution of the sound system in New English period. Main trends in the changes of stressed and unstressed vowels.

47. The Great Vowel Shift.

48. Growth of long monophthongs and diphthongs.

49. Evolution of consonants in Middle English and Early New English.

50. Evolution of the grammatical system in Middle and NE periods (main trends of development).

51. Nouns and their grammatical changes in NE.

52. Changes of grammatical categories in adjectives of NE.

53. Simplifying in the verbs of NE.

54. Development of new grammatical forms and categories of the verb in NE.

55. Development of the syntactic system in Middle English and Early NE.

56. Development of English vocabulary from the 12^th to 19^th c.

57. History of word-formation in English.

58. Modern English. Principal tendency of development.

59. Expansion of the English language over all the British Isles.

60. Variants of Modern English.

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