Разделительный вопрос

Разделительный вопрос образуется прибавлением к отрицательному или утвердительному предложению с обычным порядком слов вспомогательного глагола и соответствующего местоимения. Если предложение утвердительное, то к глаголу добавляют частицу not. Если предложение отрицательное, то частицу not не добавляют.

John is here now, isn't he? ¾ Yes, he is.
Джон сейчас здесь, не так ли? ¾ Да, он здесь.

There wasn't a boy, was there? ¾ No, there wasn't.
Здесь не было мальчика, не так ли? ¾ Нет, не было.

Разделительный вопрос предполагает определенный вариант ответа ¾ согласие с утверждением, содержащимся в первой части (в краткой форме).

Разделительный вопрос	Предполагаемый ответ
She is working now, isn't she?	Yes, she is.
You are a student, aren't you?	Yes, I am.
Frank works here, doesn't he?	Yes, he does.
They have seen this movie, haven't they?	Yes, they have.
He will be a doctor, won't he?	Yes, he will.
We were here yesterday, weren't we?	Yes, we were.
The car wasn't here, was it?	No, it wasn't.
They don't know you, do they?	No, they don't.
You won't go to work tomorrow, will you?	No, I won't.
Tom hasn't read this book, has he?	No, he hasn't.
The children didn't go for a walk, did they?	No, they didn't.

4. Употребление предлога for

1) She spelled the word for us. ― Она написала слово для нас.

What can I do for you? ― то я могу для вас сделать?

2) The dress is too small for her. ― Платье слишком маленькое на нее.

3) Are you ready for the examination? ― Ты готов к экзамену?

4) He went to the store for some cigarettes. ― Он пошел в магазин за сигаретами.

He paid $100 for his new suit. ― Он заплатил 100 долларов за свой новый костюм.

She thanked us for the present. ― Она благодарила нас за подарок.

5. Слова no и not

В английских предложениях обычно используется только одно отрицание. Но ответы на вопросы не всегда отвечают этому правилу.

Слово no не может предшествовать словам a, an, the, any, much, many, enough.

1) We have no money in the bank now.
We do not have any money in the bank now.

2) There were no women in the bar.
There were not many women in the bar.

3) Don't you like her? ¾ No, I don't.
Did you do it? ¾ No, I didn't.

4) Who lost my book? ¾ Not I.
Don't you go to school? ¾ Not right now. (Не сейчас.)
Don't you want ice-cream? ¾ Not at all.

5) Do you like this concert or not?
Have they visited you or not?

6) I speak Russian, not German.
Green, not red, is my favourite colour.

6. Выражения still, any more и any longer

Слово still (все еще) употребляется в утвердительных предложениях и вопросах, any more и any longer (уже нет) используются в отрицательных предложениях.

1)		She		still	lives here.
2)	Does	she		still	live here?
3)		She	doesn't		live here	any longer. any more.
1) Она еще живет здесь.
2) Она еще здесь живет?
3) Она здесь больше не живет.

	They	are	still	working.
Are	they		still	working?
	They	aren't		working	any more. any longer.

7. Слова already и yet

В утвердительных предложениях используется слово already, имеющее значение "уже" (раньше ожидаемого времени). В отрицательных предложениях используется слово yet, имеющее значении "еще нет" (позже ожидаемого времени).

It's early, but he is	already	here.
It's early, but he is		here	already.
It's late, but he isn't		here	yet.

В вопросительных предложениях используются оба слова.

Hasn't he arrived yet? It's late.
Он еще не приехал? Уже поздно.

Has he arrived already? It's only six o'clock!
Он уже приехал? Всего шесть часов!

8. Слова also, too и either (тоже)

В утвердительных предложениях употребляются слова also и too. В отрицательных предложениях используется слово either. Слова too и either всегда стоят в конце предложения. Слово also может стоять в конце предложения или после вспомогательного глагола.

I like classic music. My mother likes it too. ¾ Я люблю классическую музыку. Моя мама тоже ее любит.

I don't know French. My friend doesn't know it either. ¾ Я не знаю французский. Мой друг тоже его не знает.

I	am	also	watching TV.
I	am		watching TV	also.
I	am		watching TV	too.
I	am not		watching TV	either.

Слова too и also можно использовать в вопросах.

Your brother is a sailor. Are you a sailor too?
Твой брат ¾ моряк. Ты тоже моряк?

Alice doesn't work now. Don't you work either?
Элис сейчас не работает. Ты тоже не работаешь?

Фразы с too и either можно использовать также в краткой форме. Краткая форма состоит из подлежащего, вспомогательного глагола и наречия too или either.

Ann	is	a pretty girl.
Alice	is	a pretty girl	too.
Alice	is		too.

This boy	went	to school.
This girl	went	to school	too.
This girl	did		too.

We	haven't	been	there.
They	haven't	been	there	either.
They	haven't			either.

	Your father	is	a teacher.
Is	your mother		a teacher	too?
Is	your mother			too?

	Bob	doesn't want ice-cream.
Doesn't	Tom	want ice-cream	either?
Doesn't	Tom		either?

TEXT 1

¾ Haven't you cleaned Mr. Smith's cabin?

¾ No, I haven't.

¾ Didn't you clean it yesterday?

¾ No, I didn't.

¾ Mary, cleaning passengers' cabins is your duty, isn't it?

¾ Yes, it is.

¾ And you receive your earnings for it, don’t you?

¾ Yes, it does.

¾ But you haven't done your work in time, have you?

¾ No, I haven't.

¾ So you neglect your duties, don't you?

¾ Yes, I do.

¾ It will affect your earnings. I must deduct ten per cent from your pay. Am I not right?

¾ You are right, sir. Excuse me, sir. I am very sorry.

TEXT 2

¾ Hello, Ann! I haven't seen you for years!

¾ Hello, Alice! I am glad to meet you! Are you still working in that restaurant?

¾ No, I am not. I am not working there any longer. I have got another job.

¾ And what about your husband? Doesn't he work there either?

¾ He is still working there. And have you already finished University?

¾ No, I haven't finished yet. I am still studying there. My sister has entered University this year. Now she is studying there too.

TEXT 3

She has no money. She doesn’t have any money. She doesn’t have enough money. She doesn’t have much money.

I have no friends. I don’t have any friend. I don’t have many friends. I don’t have a friend.

Дата добавления: 2015-08-13