Legislation

Laws are the most important primary source (origin) for the rules of modern English law. The laws and statutes of delegated legislation passed (enacted) by other bodies of power under Parliament’s authorization have priority over other sources of law. In England laws have acquired the form of statutes that are enacted by Parliament in the manner prescribed by law and they must get the Royal Assent.

Parliament is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom. Theoretically, Parliament enjoys the unlimited discretion when (for) enacting statutes. In practice, however, statutes are mostly passed in order to introduce into the legislation in force the required amendments and alterations. In particular, the statutory legislation (statute law) is meant (intended) to abolish (repeal, revoke) the legislation in force, to amend the common law or equity provisions, to review the results (consequences) of court judgments, as well as to introduce new legal provisions related to the questions that have not been subject to legal regulation before.

A Bill can be submitted to Parliament for its consideration by the Government trying to direct (pursue) the party policy, or by the Law Commission when it finds defects of the law in force and suggests a reform of a certain area of legal regulation. A Bill passes through a number of mandatory stages in both the Houses (chambers): first reading; second reading; Committee Stage; report stage; third reading; discussion of amendments; the Royal Assent. A Bill becomes a statute after both the Houses of Parliament have approved it and the Royal Assent has been obtained.

Keys to the Test.

(chapter 5)

I. Suggest the equivalents of these words and expressions:

1.	Отказаться от титула пэра	10.	To dissolve Parliament
2.	Продвигать/продолжать реформы	11.	The body of MPs
3.	Урезать/сокращать полномочия	12.	Offence of inciting religious hatred
4.		13.	Privacy laws
5.	Осуществлять надзор за соблюдением политического равновесия	14.	Preside over debates
6.	Усиление власти	15.	To belong to a party
7.	Передача дел на рассмотрение нижестоящего органа	16.	To reverse a law
8.	Снять предложение	17.	To hold up new laws
9.	Наделять к=то всеохватывающими полномочиями / властью	18.	Walk of life

II. Fill in the gaps with the required prepositions.

1) 1 – for; 2 – to; 3 – from; 4 – to; 5 - over.

2) 6 – into; 7 - to.

3) 8 – during; 9 – on; 10 – by; 11- by; 12 – over; 13 – to; 14 - for.

4) 15 – until; 16 – about; 17 – by; 18 – under; 19 – under; 20 – for; 21 - under.

5) 22 – by; 23 – to; 24 – for; 25 - without.

6) 26 –to; 27 – at; 28 - for.

* This exercise can be done as backward translation: working in pairs, one student translates from the language of the exercise into the target language; the other student translates backwards without looking into the exercise; the first student checks and corrects his partner, if necessary.

* This exercise can be done as backward translation.

[1] In the manner prescribed by law; in accordance/conformity/compliance with legal procedure

[2] to enjoy the unlimited discretion

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