Lesson VI

1. Fill in the blanks with have to or be to in the correct tense forms.

1. At nightfall the ship put in at a small port where they... to load three hundred bags of coffee. 2. They... to light a fire to cook their supper. 3. It was too late to change the plan and it... to remain as it was. 4. The arrangement was that you... to give your views and I... to say what I thought of them. 5. He set off to the school where he... to write examinations for entry to the University. 6. When I got home I found I had left my olive oil in front of the notice-board and I... to return in the afternoon to collect it. 7. I wondered what... to happen to us. 8. We agreed that the one who came first... to reserve seats for the rest of us. 9. Nobody met me at the airfield as I... to have arrived a day later and could not warn any of my friends of the change. 10. He always puts off doing what he... to do until it... to be done. 11. We... to leave on Monday, but because of a two days' delay with the visas we... to book tickets for Wednesday. 12. There is nothing strange in what he did. It... to be expected. 13. What... to be done? We can't sit around like this the whole day. 14. He made all arrangements for the marriage which... to take place on the day of his mother's arrival. 15. The Finnish woman who... to work for Finch has not arrived yet. 16. Uncle Nick's things... to be moved out of his room so that it could be re-let. 17. Eden went to the wood where he... to meet his brother for a ride. 18. For the next few weeks I... to stay in bed. Everyone came to visit me, and brought me presents, and I... not to do the cooking. 19. That day, however, I had a pupil waiting for an English lesson and I... to cut my visit short. 20. When no food... to be had he seemed capable to do without. 21.... I to do it all by myself? 22. You... not to tell him anything about it before you get further instructions. 23. You... not to tell him about it if you don't want to. 24. It was too late to change the plan and it... to remain as it was. 25. They hoped to spend the summer together, but that... not to be.

2. Give advice in the following situations by using should or ought to.

e.g. I have a test tomorrow. ‑ You. should / ought to study tonight.

1. I'm writing a composition, and there is a word I don't know how to spell. 2. I don't feel good. I think I'm catching a cold. 3. I can't see the blackboard when I sit in the back row. 4. I'm cold. 5. I'm homesick. 6. My roommate snores and I can't get to sleep. 7. I need to improve my English. 8. I can't stop yawning. 9. My library book is due today. 10. There's no food in my house, and some guests are coming to dinner tonight. 11. I have only twenty-five cents in my pocket, but I need some money to go out tonight. 12. My apartment is in a mess, and my mother is coming to visit me tomorrow. 13. I have a toothache. 14. I have the flue. 15. My friend is arriving at the airport this evening. I'm supposed to pick him up, but I've forgotten what time his plane gets in. 16. I'm really fed up with my job. 17. I never have any money.

3. Complete the advice using should or ought to; find the advice for the problems.

e.g. 'I've lost my credit card.'

'You should report it to the credit card company immediately.'

'You ought to report it to the credit card company immediately.'

Problems	Advice
1. 'I've lost my credit card.'	'I think you/sell it.'
2. 'I can't wake up in the mornings.'	'Perhaps you /look for another job.'
3. 'I'm bored with my job.'	'Don't you think you/apologize to them?'
4. 'I've got a terrible headache.'	'Perhaps you/buy a new alarm clock.'
5. 'I was very rude to my parents.'	'You/report it to the credit card company immediately.'
6. 'My car keeps on breaking down. '	'Perhaps you/take some aspirin.'
7. 'My sister's birthday is only a month away.'	'You/go/to a dentist.'
8. 'I have a toothache.'	'I think you/buy a present/beforehand.'

4. Use should have or ought to have + past participle in your response.

e.g. You failed the test because you didn't study. ‑ I should have studied. / I ought to have studied.

e.g. You didn't study because you went to a movie. ‑ I shouldn't have gone to a movie. / I oughtn't to have gone to a movie.

1. You are cold because you didn't wear a coat. 2. You misspelled a word because you didn't look up in the dictionary. 3. Your friend is upset because you didn't write him a letter. 4. You are broke now because you spent all your money foolishly. 5. The room is full of flies because you opened the window. 6. You don't have any food for dinner because you didn't go to the grocery store. 7. You overslept this morning because you didn't set your alarm clock. 8. Your friends went to New Orleans over vacation. They had a good time. You didn't go with them, and now you are sorry. 9. John loved Mary, but he didn't marry her. Now he is unhappy. 10. John loved Mary, and he married her. But now he is unhappy. 11. You didn't have a cup of coffee. Now you are sleepy. 12. You didn't stop for gas, and then you ran out of gas on the highway. 13. You were sick yesterday, but you went to class anyway. Today you feel worse. 14. The weather was beautiful yesterday, but you stayed inside all day. 15. You bought your girlfriend a box of candy for her birthday, but she doesn't like candy. 16. The little girl told a lie. She got into a lot of trouble. 17. You have a stomach ache because you ate (five hamburgers). 18. You had to pay a fine because your library book was overdue. 19. You lent your car to your friend, but he had an accident because he was driving on the wrong side of the road. 20. When she fell asleep on the overnight train from Moskow to Rostov, her purse was stolen. 21. There was an important meeting yesterday afternoon, but you decided not to go. That was a mistake. 22. Ann didn't feel well a couple of days ago. I told her to see a doctor, but she didn't. That was a mistake. Now she is very sick. 23. I didn't invite Sam to my party. That made him feel bad. I'm sorry I didn't invite him. 24. Mary sold her car. That was a mistake because now she can't take trips to see her friends and relatives. 25. Alex signed a contract to buy some furniture without reading it thoroughly. Now he has discovered that he is paying a lot more money than he expected. He made a mistake.

5. Change the following sentences to the passive.

1. People should save pandas from extinction. ‑ Pandas should be saved from extinction.

2. People must obey all traffic laws.

3. Someone ought to repair this broken window.

4. Someone should have supplied the hotel guests with clean towels.

5. Someone should take this garbage to the dump soon.

6. Someone ought to tell Fred about the meeting.

7. Someone has to finish this work today.

8. Someone ought to have reported this accident to the po­lice.

9. You shouldn't put bananas in the freezer.

10. We should teach children to respect their elders.

6. Study the key words.

spin	retrieve
vast	rigid
require	capacity
seek	transmit
removable	whereas

7. Read the text and translate it.

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