Ex. 319 A.

1. Working – adverbial of attendant circumstances.

2. Presenting – adverbial of purpose. Cooking – attribute.

3. The child’s moving – complex adverbial of concession.

4. Thinking – adverbial of manner.

5. Watching – adverbial of time.

6. Finishing – adverbial of attendant circumstances.

7. Hugh’s playing – complex adverbial of reason.

8. Checking – adverbial of time.

9. Reading – adverbial of attendant circumstances. Jogging – object.

10. Being seen – adverbial of attendant circumstances / manner.

11. Your coming – complex adverbial of condition.

Ex.320

1. With confidence, you have won even before starting.

2. In doing things we learn.

3. After directors’ shaking hands, we got down to business.

4. After his breaking our engagement I have nothing to do with him.

5. We haven’t heard from him since his leaving for Madrid.

6. On arriving at the music-hall Rose heard a great deal of noise made by the audience.

7. In talking of the past events, he never mentioned his being married.

8. On the child’s entering the room, his parents happily smiled at him.

9. Before saying that it has been a fine day, wait until it is night.

Ex. 321

1. He waited half a minute before answering.

2. On having breakfast he returned to his room.

3. On leaving the house he met his classmate.

4. In reading this book he found a lot of interesting expressions.

5. After hearing about Helen’s arrival I decided to meet her.

Ex. 322

1. He translated the article without using a dictionary.

2. It’s nice to go on holiday without your having to worry about money.

3. By doing a lot of reading you can improve your English.

4. In case of driving dangerously you put people’s lives at risk.

5. She got married without anybody knowing about it.

6. In taking more exercise George lost weight.

7. But for his having noticed his friend in the crowd they wouldn’t have met.

Ex.324

1. Instead of sitting in front of TV

2. In spite of having worked hard

3. Without causing

4. For staging

5. Besides working

Ex.327

A.

1. He went on without paying attention to her interruption.

2. The younger man hesitated before answering.

3. She bowed her head without speaking.

4. You will get nothing from him in case of reproaching him all the time.

5. Brian kept silent for fear of being misunderstood.

6. Besides being a talented professional violinist she had a second career as a musicologist.

7. She escaped danger owing to listening to intuition.

8. Harry thought two of his ribs might have cracked from having laughed far too long.

9. He got into terrible trouble for climbing the roof of the school kitchens.

B.

1. On his returning she went immediately into the dining-room.

2. His friends considered him very practical in spite of his being so young.

3. The quietness of the house was broken by the children’s driving their toy cars on the floor.

4. Barbara felt much better after doctor’s giving her two tablets of paracetamol.

5. Because of my house having been robbed I installed the burglar alarm system.

6. The children were not allowed to leave the house without their parents’ giving permission.

7. She worried a great deal for its being her first performance.

8. He hired her in spite of her never having sung on stage.

9. He invited Jill to the concert for their spending at least two hours together.

10. Since Mrs Reed’s arriving at their place, the girls have kept on calling her Auntie Ann Joyce.

C.

1. Philip was tired because of having talked too much.

2. After examining the patient, he said it was simply a case of nerve strain.

3. You spoilt everything by suggesting Shankari’s taking part in the contest!

4. The manager gave him a rise instead if reprimanding him.

5. On her entering the room, Alec Warner addressed her without preliminaries.

6. He came into the room very angry without even greeting us.

7. Andrew feels all right now after being operated on a month ago.

8. Despite the headmaster’s being busy, the secretary promised to us to make an appointment with him.

9. In writing the test, she made too many mistakes.

10. But for his being so bad-tempered, his wife would not have left him so soon after the marriage.

Ex. 332

1. Blaming – adverbial of time

2. Doing – adverbial of attendant circumstances

3. Going – subject

4. Wishing – part of compound verbal modal predicate

5. Spending – adverbial of manner

6. Having lost – adverbial of concession

7. Being hurt, feeling – prepositional objects

8. Her thinking – complex adverbial of attendant circumstances

9. His having apologized – complex adverbial of condition

10. Having – attribute, in having and not doing – predicatives

11. Having – attribute, coming and trying- prepositional objects

12. Speaking – subject, thinking – adverbial of manner, shooting – predicative

13. Finding – part of compound verbal aspect predicate

14. Having listened, going and doing – prepositional objects

15. Being – subject, like being – predicative, being drowned – attribute

Ex. 334

1. It’s no use asking them for help.

2. Despite having been with us for twenty minutes he didn’t say a word.

3. David suggested going to the cinema.

4. In spite of having an English name he is in fact German.

5. I am sorry for keeping them waiting.

Ex. 335

1. My mother regrets my leaving school at 14.

2. Harry heard the sound of the frying pan being put on the stove.

3. I don’t mind my husband’s lending money to my brothers and sisters.

4. Her talking about food made him feel hungry.

5. They couldn’t but be late for their train having been delayed to the heavy fog.

Ex.336

1. I don’t recall meeting him in London.

2. Where do I find the time for reading so many books?

3. The doctor insists on all the children being vaccinated.

4. There was no escaping Dudley’s gang…

7.Teaching them to drive was my task.

10. the words just came out without my having planned to say them.

Ex. 342

1. I regret to say. She regrets leaving.

2. I’ll never forget dancing. You won’t forget to phone.

3. Do you remember locking…? I remembered to turn on…

4. Stop driving. Stop to get.

5. We went on playing. Tom went on to win.

6. I didn’t mean to interrupt. Means checking.

7. Dad is trying to start it. Try pushing.

Ex. 343

1. A) to buy; b) servicing; c) feeding

2. A) to hear; b) for speaking

3. A) answering; b) to answer

4. A) (to) get; b) feeling

5. A) of passing; b) to succeed

6. A) typing; b) to read, to speak

7. A)to see; b) in working

Ex. 348

1. To dance

2. To go out

3. To meet

4. To go

5. To find

6. To dance

7. Going

8. On walking

9. To find

10. Talking

11. Dancing

12. To see

13. To give

14. Calling

15. Sharing

Ex.357

1. Opening – participle I non-perfect active as an adverbial of manner

2. Feeling – non-perfect gerund active as an adverbial of concession

3. Being exhausted – non-perfect gerund passive as an adverbial of reason

4. Turning off – non-perfect gerund active as an adverbial of purpose

5. Having finished – participle I perfect active as an adverbial of time

6. Winning - non-perfect gerund active as an attribute

7. Walking – participle I non-perfect active as an attribute

8. My mother being – nominative absolute participial construction, participle I non-perfect active, complex adverbial of attendant circumstances

9. His not having had – perfect gerund active, complex attribute

10. Getting - non-perfect gerund active as an adverbial of reason, being hit – non-perfect gerund passive as an adverbial of reason

11. His head hitting, sleep hitting – non-perfect gerunds active, complex attributes

Ex. 358

1. In buying…

2. … living by doing…

3. In spite of being badly pronounced…

4. … for wishing…

5. … without caring…

6. For being so nervous…

7. Besides enjoying…

8. For fear of saying something…

9. In looking …

10. …in case of nagging…

Ex. 359

1. Not being

2. Without saying / not saying

3. Seeing/ on seeing

4. Having spent / after spending, arguing / in arguing, against going

5. Finding

6. Standing, stretching

7. Having been asked/ when asked/ after(on) being asked

8. Not having read/ for not having read

9. In eating

10. Recovering / after recovering, breaking, falling / by falling

11. Having been divorced

12. Assuring / by assuring

13. Without asking / not asking

14. Counting / in counting, thinking / in thinking, moving, of being robbed

Ex. 360

1. In / while writing his report, John remembered…

2. She felt as if giving evidence…

3. (On) entering the room, the girl glanced…

4. A creaking door hangs long.

5. …, in spite of its being dangerous.

6. … after being operated on.

7. My being on the spot was a bit of luck for him.

8. Just before getting into my apartment…

9. (On) seeing him, Rose stopped reading at once and put the letter away without / not commenting in any way…

10. … the thought of having to live there.

11. In spite of my being late…

12. Sophie didn’t feel like going out that day.

13. After concluding several agreements in Chicago, Samuel Griffiths was inclined…

14. …is not knowing what comes next.

15. …anyone stumbling on something while / in sitting down.

16. …better because of my having been there.

Ex. 362

1. Without

2. Not

3. Without / not

4. Not, without / not

5. Not

6. Not

7. Not

8. without

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