Ex.23 A

THE INFINITIVE, THE PARTICIPLE, THE GERUND

ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

ANSWER KEY

Ex.1

To be caught, to light, to have been made, to have tried, to be struck; to have talked, to have been rising, to leave, to be skiing, to tie; to have held, to have been selling, to be spending, to have been spoken of, to shrink, to have burst.

Ex.4

1. Have been trying

2. To give, to be given

3. Not to have noticed

4. To be tested

5. To have been waiting

6. To have reminded

7. To have overtaken

8. Be working

9. Have been planned

10. To be studying

11. Have been

12. To have been damaged

13. Walk

14. Be bought, pay

Ex.5

1. To be given

2. To have travelled, to have seen

3. Be sleeping

4. To have been working, to do

5. Have been

6. To have been written

7. To be published, appear

8. To disappear

9. To have been lost, to have been misplaced

10. To have been

11. Stay

12. To begin, to finish

13. To be seen

14. Be thrown, eat

15. To be paying

Ex.6

1. I am glad to have given you the book.

2. I am glad to have been given the book.

3. I want to inform you about this.

4. We want to be informed about this.

5. We are glad to have met him at the station.

6. We are glad to have been met at the station.

7. They are very content to have been invited to the conference.

8. They are very content to have invited you to the conference.

9. I didn’t think to interrupt her.

10. I didn’t expect to be interrupted.

11. I feel awkward to have caused so much trouble to you.

12. He will be happy to have seen you.

13. He seemed to be looking for words.

14. He is lucky to have been on such an interesting trip.

15. He can’t stand to be made fun of.

16. Children like to be told fairy tales.

17. You seem to have been sitting here for a long time.

18. Look at him! He must be solving an important problem.

19. They can’t have remembered my address.

20. He can’t have been sitting in the reading hall since early morning. He must already have left.

Ex. 7

1. –

2. to look;

3. –

4. –

5. to live;

6. to have;

7. not to offend;

8. to think;

9. (to) try;

10. to help, (to) lay;

11. mean to;

12. to hear;

13. –

14. to sneak;

15. to start;

16. to do; how to do;

17. not to.

Ex. 8

A.

1. not stay out;

2. admit;

3. Open;

4. to knock;

5. (to) carry;

6. to show / to have shown;

7. go, do;

8. have overslept;

9. Have let you know;

10. open, move;

11. leave;

12. (to) speak;

13. to be done, wait, to let;

14. drink;

15. not to inform, to disobey;

16. to show;

17. Try to say, have.

B.

1. to be made/ to make;

2. to have accomplished;

3. to do, (to) cut;

4. to disappoint, have;

5. not to mention;

6. be suffering;

7. to arrive;

8. have asked;

9. To hear you say;

10. To be liked, to be thought.

Ex. 17

1. It would be foolish not to accept their offer.

2. It’s a disaster to have forgotten everything I knew.

3. It was dangerous to be crossing the river on so tiny a boat.

4. It is so silly of them to have left the bicycles outside.

5. It was so rude of him to make that remark.

6. It is safer to go by train than by airplane.

7. It was so silly of us to believe them.

8. It is so selfish of him not to have contributed anything;

9. It is an unhealthy habit to eat too much.

10. It was so odd to find the house empty.

11. It seemed so natural to be sitting there silently for an hour.

12. It’s almost a crime to have to work on Sundays.

13. It is so mean of him to have pulled strings to get Mrs Worting dismissed.

14. It was a joy to be recognized after all these years.

15. It doesn’t do you any good to be wasting your time like that.

16. It was unbecoming of him to be making strange remarks through the interview.

Ex. 21

1. It is easy to talk about a diet.

2. It’s better to know.

3. It was awful to get up.

4. It’s better to ask the road.

5. It is silly to punish neighbours.

6. It is useless to blame.

7. It pays to appear stupid.

8. To understand what needs to be done and not to do it.

9. It is impossible to move.

10. It is hard to create a good film.

11. It is never too late to get rid of.

12. To take him seriously and to follow his advice.

13. It is impossible to enjoy.

14. It is better to keep silent and to be considered a fool.

15. It is time to stop and think it over.

16. To plan forever.

Ex.22

1. It is never late to study.

2. It is easier to forgive an enemy than a friend.

3. It is pleasant to have been of help to you.

4. To restore the castle would cost a lot of money.

5. It would be wrong not to warn them.

6. It was too late to go to the cinema.

7. It was useless to try to do it in one day.

8. To be a friend requires time.

9. To make tea in the mornings and evenings was my duty.

10. It is so pleasant to have been given a vacation at last.

11. It is hardtop live with people you love and not to give them advice.

12. To do nothing is the most difficult task.

13. To give advice is always stupid but it is even more stupid to give useful advice.

14. It is difficult to live in the present and impossible in the past.

15. It is useful to be reminded about your achievements.

Ex.23 A

1. To buy – the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as a predicative.

2. To persuade - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as part of a predicative.

3. To print - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as a predicative.

4. To deal - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as a subject.

5. To deal - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as part of a predicative.

6. To get - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as a subject.

7. To ask - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as a predicative.

8. To tell - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as a predicative.

9. To listen - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as part of a predicative.

10. to cast - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as part of a predicative.

11. To watch - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as part of a predicative.

12. To make - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as part of a predicative.

13. To cross - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as a predicative.

14. To have come - the Perfect Infinitive Active used as a subject.

15. To run - the Non-perfect Infinitive Active used as part of a predicative.

Ex. 25

1. The rule is not difficult to remember.

2. My Grandfather’s armchair is very comfortable to sit in.

3. He was difficult to get along.

4. This passage is not very easy to translate.

5. The girl is pleasant to look at, but not at all pleasant to talk to.

6. Their quarrel was unpleasant to watch.

7. His stories are always funny to listen to.

8. Uncle Jack’s advice would be useful to follow.

9. His behavior is difficult to explain.

10. His handwriting is rather hard to read.

11. He is very pleasant to listen to.

12. A diamond is hard to polish.

13. This desk is very comfortable to work at.

14. The scene was very amusing to watch.

15. The track was easy to follow.

Ex.26

1. His aim is to become a top chef by the age of 30.

2. It can be helpful to discuss problems with a friend.

3. What I have come for is to congratulate you and to wish you every success.

4. It was not necessary to re-do it.

5. His job was to write abstracts of articles on the subject of research.

6. To worry and to fuss was useless.

7. The main priority of younger siblings is to establish their own identity.

8. To make themselves understood was all they wanted.

9. The only thing that could do you good is to take a long rest.

10. It is not easy to answer the question.

11. It’s my duty to ask you a few questions on the matter.

12. Your next task is to check up the results of the observations.

13. It was impossible to restore the sculpture. It was completely ruined.

14. The last thing I meant was to offend you.

15. The only way to survive is to cut costs.

Ex.29

1. Correct

2. Correct

3. Difficult to talk to

4. Is to see

5. Correct

6. Correct

7. Are easy to acquire and hard to break.

8. To live in.

9. To help me

10. To convince

11. To find out

12. Not to have acted

13. Is difficult to explain.

Ex.31

1. She was hard to deal with.

2. This rule is not difficult to explain.

3. Her mood is easy to understand.

4. The only thing he wanted was to find a place to have dinner.

5. He is hard to please.

6. Our plan was to finish work by the beginning of the year.

7. Such a role is very interesting to perform.

8. The only thing left to be done is to put an advertisement into the newspaper.

9. This house was comfortable to live in.

10. These instructions are easy to follow.

11. To use information telephone number means to save time.

12. This poem was easy to learn by heart.

13. The problem was where to go to study.

14. It would be better to persuade him to work rather than force him.

15. He was not very pleasant to look at.

16. The main thing is how to make him believe us and follow our advice.

17. The play has many scenes, it is not easy to stage.

18. The first thing to be done was to consult friends.

19. My question is when to start work.

20. His task was how to explain the reason for his absence.

Ex.33

1. To go, play

2. Be sitting

3. Be

4. Be made, not be bought

5. Have taken

6. Have been snowing

7. Have been dealt with

8. Be seen, be touched, be felt

9. Have bought

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