Упражнение 3. Ознакомьтесь самостоятельно со следующими компью­терными терминами. Переведите устно на русский язык термины и их опреде­ления.

Browser

A software program that is used to look at various kinds of Internet re­sources. Browser is a specific kind of client program that enables to contact and obtain data from a server software program on another computer, often across a great distance.

E-mail

Electronic Mail. Messages, usually text, sent from one person to another via computer. E-mail can also be sent automatically to a large number of ad­dresses, called mailing list.

Homepage

Originally, the web page that the browser is set to use when it starts up. The more common meaning refers to the main web page for a business, organisation, person or simply the main page out of a collection of web pages.

Host

Any computer on a network that is a repository for services available to other computers on the network. It is quite common to have one host ma­chine provide several services, such as WWW.

Java

A network-oriented programming language specifically designed for writing programs that can be safely downloaded to a computer through the Internet and immediately run without fear of viruses or other harm to the computer or files. Using small Java programs (called applets), web pages can include functions such as animations, calculators, and other fancy tricks.

Login

The account name used to gain access to a computer system. It is not se­cret unlike the password. Also the act of entering into a computer system.

Server

A computer, or a software package, that provides a specific kind of ser­vice to software running on other computers. The term can refer to a particu­lar piece of software, such as a WWW server, or to the machine on which the software is running. A single server machine could have several different server software packages running on it.

Упражнение 4. Переведите следующий текст.

The Internet began as a Cold War project to create a communications network that was immune to a nuclear attack. In the 1969, the US govern­ment created ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), connecting four western universities and allowing researchers to use the main frames of any of the networked institutions. New connections were soon added to the network, bringing the number of nodes up to 23 in 1971, 111 in 1977, and up to almost 4 million in 1994. As the size of the network grew so did its capabilities. In its first 25 years, the Internet added features such as file transfer, email, Usenet news, and eventually HTML. Now, new developments come to the Net one right after the other. It is this explosive growth in recent years that has captured the imagination of computer users the world over.

Упражнение 5. Ознакомьтесь со следующими компью­терными аббревиатурами. Переведите письменно на русский язык определе­ния аббревиатур

FTP

(File Transfer Protocol) - A very common method of moving files be­tween two Internet sites. FTP is a special way to login to another Internet site for the purposes of retrieving and / or sending files. There are many Internet sites that have established publicly accessible repositories of mate­rial that can be obtained using FTP, by logging in using the account name anonymous, thus these sites are called anonymous FTP servers.

HTML

(HyperText Markup Language) - The coding language used to create Hypertext documents (documents that contain links to other documents - words or phrases that can be chosen by a reader and which cause another document to be retrieved and displayed) for use on WWW. HTML looks a lot like old-fashioned typesetting code, where a block of text is surrounded with codes that indicate how it should appear. Additionally, in HTML a block of text, or a word can be specified to link to another file on the Inter­net. HTML files are meant to be viewed using browsers.

HTTP

(HyperText Transport Protocol) - The protocol for moving hypertext files across the Internet. It requires a HTTP client program on one end, and an HTTP server program on the other end. HTTP is the most important pro­tocol used in WWW.

LAN

(Local Area Network) - A computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building, although sometimes LAN can be as large as to cover a whole University campus.

ТСР/IР

(Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) - The suite of proto­cols that defines the Internet. TCP/IP software is available for every major kind of computer operating system. To be truly on the Internet, the computer must have TCP/IP software.

URL

(Uniform Resource Locator) - The standard way to give the address of any resource on the Internet that is part of WWW.

WWW

(World Wide Web, or simply the web) - The universe of hypertext servers which allow text, graphics, sound files, etc. to be mixed together.

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