Letters to Monarchs

When the Prophet (r) expressed his desire to send letters to the kings of the Arabs and non-Arabs, the companions advised him to affix his seal on the letter for the kings usually refuse to entertain the unsealed ones. The Prophet (r) accordingly stamped his letters to them with a silver seal on which was engraved:

"Muhammed the Messenger of Allah." (Al-Bukhaari, Kitab-ul-Jihad and Shamail At-Tirmidhi).

LETTERS OF THE Prophet (r)

Of the many letters sent by the Prophet (r), those written to Heraclius (the Byzantine Emperor), Chosroes II (the Emperor of Iran), Negus (the king of Abyssinia) and Muqauqis (the ruler of Egypt) are the most important.

The Prophet (r) wrote in this letter to Heraclius:

I begin with the name of Allah, the beneficient, the Merciful.

This letter is from Muhammed, the slave and Messenger of God, to Heraclius, the great King of Rome. Blessed are those who follow the guidance. Verily I call you to Islam. Embrace Islam that you may find peace, and God will give you a double reward. If you reject then on you shall rest the sin of your subjects and followers.

O people of the Book come to that, which is common between you and us; that we will serve none but Allah, nor associate aught with him, nor take others for lords besides God. But if you turn away, then say: bear witness that we are Muslims.

The letter sent to the Chosroes II read:

I begin with the name of Allah, the beneficient, the Merciful. From Muhammed, the Messenger of God (r), to Kisra, the great King of Persia.

Peace be upon him who follows the guidance, believes in Allah and His Prophet (r), bears witness that there is no God but Allah and that I am the Prophet of Allah for the entire humanity so that every man alive is warned of the awe of God. Embrace Islam that you may find peace; otherwise on you shall rest the sin of the Magis. (Al-Tabari, Vol. III, p. 90)

In the letter addressed to Negus, the Prophet (r) had written:

"I begin with the name of Allah, the Beneficient, the Merciful.

From Muhammed, the Messenger of Allah (r), to Negus, the great King of Abyssinia.

Peace be upon him who follows the guidance.

Glory be to Allah besides whom there is no God, the Sovereign, the Holy, the Peace, the Faithful, the Protector. I bear witness that Jesus, the son of Mary, is the Spirit of God, and His Word that He cast unto Mary, the Virgin, the good, the pure, so that she conceived Jesus. God created him from His Spirit and His breathing as He created Adam by His hand and His breathing. I call you to God, the Unique, without any associate, and to His obedience and to follow me and to believe in that, which came to me, for I am the Messenger of God. I invite you and your men to the Great Lord. I have accomplished my task and my admonitions, so receive my advice. peace be upon him who follows the Guidance. (Tabaqat Ibn S'ad, Vol. III, p. 15).

The Letter sent to Muqauqis, the chief of the Copts of Egypt, read:

I begin with the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. From Muhammed, the Messenger of Allah, to Muqauqis, the Chief of the Coptic.

Peace be upon him who follows the guidance.

I call you to Islam that you may find peace, and God will give you a double reward. If you reject, then on you shall be the sin of your countrymen. O people of the Book, come to that which is common between you and us; that we will serve none but Allah, nor associate aught with him, nor take others for lords besides God. But if you turn away, then say: bear witness that we are Muslims." (Mawahib Landuniyah, Vol. III. Pp. 247-48)

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