Before a conjugated verb

Juan se queda en la reunión./ Juan stays in the meeting.

Before a verb in negative command

No te quedes en la reunión./ Don't stay in the meeting.

3. After a gerund or before the verb estar

Juan está comiéndo se una manzana./ Juan is eating an apple.

Juan se está comiendo una manzana./ Juan is eating an apple.

After an infinitive or before the main verb

No quería levantar me esta mañana./ I didn't want to get up this morning.

No me quería levantar esta mañana./ I didn't want to get up this morning.

At the end of the verb in an affirmative command

Siénten se, niños./ Children, sit down.

NOTE: In commands addressed to nosotros, the final -s is omitted and -nos is added.

Alegrémo nos. / Let's rejoice.

No nos alegremos./ Let's not rejoice.

6. Before a direct object pronoun:

Te lavaste las manos? Sí, me las lavé./ Did you wash your hands? Yes, I did wash them.

II. In a reflexive construction, since the reflexive pronoun identifies who does the action, possession is understood; therefore, the definitive article is used rather than the possessive adjective, which is the case in English.

EXAMPLES

Tienes que cortarte el pelo./ You need to get cut your hair (You need a haircut).

Mi esposo se baña y se lave la cara./ My husband bathes (himself) and washes his face.

III. Sentir (se)/ to feel is reflexive when used with an adjective and non-reflexive when used with a noun.

EXAMPLES

Mi madre se siente aburrida./ My mother feels bored.

Mi madre siente aburrimiento./ My mother feel boredom.

IV. The following verbs are typically used in a reflexive construction:

REFLEXIVE

Acostar se / to go to bed

Afeitar se o rasurar se / to shave

Bañar se / to bathe

Callar se / to stop talking

Despertar se / to wake up

Duchar se / to take a shower

Levantar se / to get up

Peinar se / to comb one's hair

Poner se / to put on

Probar se / to try on

Quedar se / to remain, to stay

Quitar se o sacar se / to take off

Sentar se / to sit down

V. The following verbs have slightly different meanings when used in their reflexive form:

NON-REFLEXIVE	REFLEXIVE
Abonar/ to pay	abonar se /to subscribe
Acordar/ to agree to	acordar se / to remember
Acostar/ to put, to bed	acostar se / to go to bed
Alegrar/ to cheer up	alegrar se / to be glad, to rejoice
Burlar/ to deceive	burlar se / to make fun of
Casar/ to marry	casar se / to get married
Conducir/ to drive	conducir se / to behave
Despedir/ to dismiss	despedir se / to say goodbye
Detener/ to detain	detener se / to stop
Dirigir/ to direct	dirigir se / to address
Dormir/ to sleep	dormir se / to fall asleep
Encontrar/ to find	encontrar se / to be located, to meet
Hacer/ to make	hacer se / to be
Ir/ to go	ir se / to leave
Levantar/ to lift	levantar se / to get up
Llamar/ to call	llamar se / to be named
Llevar/ to carry, take	llevar se / to take away
Negar/ to deny	negar se / to refuse
Parecer/ to seem, appear	parecer se / to look like
Poner/ to place, to put	poner se / to wear, to put on, to become
Probar/ to taste	probar se / to try on
Quitar/ to take away	quitar se / to take off
Volver/ to return	volver se / to become, to turn around

VI. The following verbs are used with a reflexive pronoun but do not have a reflexive meaning:

NON-REFLEXIVE MEANING

Arrepentir se (de)/ to repent

Asomar se / to look out of

Atrever se (a)/ to dare

Dar se cuenta (de)/ to realize

Empeñar se (en)/ to insist on

Enterar se (de)/ to find out (about)

Equivocar se / to make a mistake

Portar se bien/ to behave

Portar se mal/ to misbehave

Quejar se (de)/ to complain

Tratar se (de)/ to be related to an issue (This is only for the 3rd person)

Resignar se / to resign

VII. In Spanish there are 3 different ways of expressing the English to become or to be.

1. Volverse/ to become is used to refer to a change in physical or emotional state, but it denotes a sudden change.

EXAMPLES

La madre se volvió loca cuando el hijo fue asesinado./ The mother (became) went crazy when her son was killed.

El cielo se volvió negro antes de llover./ The sky (became dark) darkened before raining.

2. Ponerse / to be, to become is used refer to physical or emotional changes.

EXAMPLES

Nos pusimos contentos cuando ganamos el partido./ We (became) were happy when we won the game.

Sofía se puso triste cuando el novio se fue a la Argentina./ Sofía (became) was sad when her boyfriend left to Argentina.

3. Hacerse/ to be, become is used to indicate personal effort.

EXAMPLES

Me haré famoso después de esta película./ I 'll become famous after this movie.

Liliana se hará doctora después de tanto estudiar./ Liliana will (become) be a doctor after so much studying.

PREPOSICIONES/ PREPOSITIONS

In Spanish there are 19 prepositions and several prepositional phrases. And they are used to express a relationship between two words. As it is in English, the use of prepositions is fairly arbitrary.

Prep.	Translations	Prep.	Translations
A	at, by, on, to	Hacia	toward, towards, to
Ante	before	Hasta	until
Bajo	under, below	Para	for, to
Cabe	beside, next to	Por	for
Con	with	Según	according to
Contra	against	Sin	without
De	of, about, from, to	So	on, under
Desde	from	Sobre	over, on
En	in, at, into, on, inside, over	Tras	after
Entre	between, among

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