A Present continuous

Positive form	Negative form	Question form
I'm (= am) working	I'm not (= am not) working	Am I working?
you / we / they're (= are) working	you / we / they aren't (= are not) working	Are you / we / they working?
he/she/it's (= is) working	he / she / it isn't (= is not) working	Is he/she/it working?

1 We use the Present continuous for something happening at this moment or something happening in the present period, but perhaps not at this moment.

Sue 's talking to someone on the phone.

We 're studying French this term.

2 For -ing forms with most verbs, we add -ing (starting, going, buying). But there are some exceptions.

Verb	Rule	Example
ends in one –e (make)	Take away –e	making leaving
has one syllable and ends in vowel + one consonant (stop)	double the final consonant	stopping getting
ends in –ie (lie)	change –ie to -y	lying
has two syllables, ends in vowel +one consonant, stress on the last syllable (begin)	double the final consonant	beginning forgetting
has two syllables and ends in –l (travel)	double the - l	travelling

3 We do not usually use some verbs in the continuous form.

These are:

a describing mental states.

believe know understand

b verbs connected with likes/dislikes.

like love want

с verbs connected with possession.

have own possess

B Present continuous or Present simple?

REMEMBER! We use the Present simple for actions which are generally or usually true. I speakfour languages. We use the Present continuous for actions which are in progress now or around now. Who isshe speakingto?

1 We usually use the Present simple with phrases like always, never, every day, usually, normally.

2 We usually use the Present continuous with phrases like now, at the moment, today, right now.

C Present continuous for future arrangements

1 We use the Present continuous to talk about what we have arranged to do in the future.

A: What are you doing next weekend? (= what have you arranged?)

B: I 'm taking my son to the zoo on Saturday, then I 'm cooking lunch for some friends on Sunday. (= I've arranged to do this)

2 When we use the Present continuous like this, we either give a future time (for example, this weekend) or we know from the situation that we are talking about the future.

Module 5

A Comparative and superlative adjectives

1 One-syllable and two-syllable adjectives ending in –y

Adjective	Comparative	Superlative	Spelling rule
young tall	younger taller	the youngest the tallest	Most adjectives: +-er, the -est
nice large	nicer larger	the nicest the largest	Adjective ends In –e: +-r, the -st
Thin big	thinner bigger	the thinnest the biggest	One vowel + one consonant: double the consonant
pretty	prettier	the prettiest	Change –y to -i

2Other two-syllable adjectives and longer adjectives

serious sophisticated

more serious more sophisticated

the most serious the most sophisticated

But we usually use -grand the -est with two-syllable adjectives:

Clever, quiet, simple, gentle.

Irregular forms

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