Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (7)

Words

bog down v bug v cache v caching n essential adj exist v fail v handle v

include v invalid adj invisible adj invisibly adv key (to) n left-most adj potentially adv

redundancy n request n, v resolve v specific adj specify v testimony n URL

Word Combinations

to translate smth. into smth. human-readable machine-readable top-level (first-level) domain name second-level domain name to accept request from smth. error message

to type the URL into one`s browser to start one`s search for smth. to send a query smooth functioning distributed database day in and day out

Web addresses Web address / URL: http://www.bsu.edu.ru domain name www.bsu.edu.ru host: bsu protocol: http:// type of site:.edu.ru country code:.ru  

EXERCISES

1. Write English equivalents for the following words and phrases:

отправлять сообщения электронной почты; каждый раз; преобразовывать в читаемый машиной IP-адрес; крайнее левое слово; так как (поскольку); когда поступает запрос; устанавливать контакт с другим сервером доменных имён; пытаться найти IP-адрес для запрашиваемого имени; возвращать сообщение об ошибке; запрашиваемое доменное имя не существует; управлять доменами высшего уровня; посылать запрос; на самом деле; одна из разгадок чего-л.; на каждом уровне; для того, чтобы; помещать IP-адрес в кэш-память; предотвращать задержку; даже если (хотя); полностью скрытый; необходимый для гладкой работы Интернета; работать изо дня в день, целыми днями.

2. Transcribe and learn to read the following words:

resource, specify, accept, error, return, redundancy, essential, design.

3. Give the Infinitive of:

did, included, specified, gave, tried, found, returned, handled, got, received.

4. Find in the seventh part of text 2 synonyms to the following words and word combinations:

to comprise, particular, since, to change, to perform, a demand, to attempt, to give back, mistake, to begin, clue, profusion, to go down, to acquire, to impede, necessary, proof.

5. Write the expansions of the following abbreviations:

URL,.COM,.ORG,.NET,.EDU,.GOV.

Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right.

1. E-mail	a. a software package that enables a user to find and read hypertext files, esp. on the World Wide Web.
2. List	b. a systematized collection of data that can be accessed immediately and manipulated by a data-processing system for a specific purpose.
3. Server	c. a small high-speed memory that improves computer performance.
4. Browser	d. a computer or program that supplies data or resources to other machines on a network.
5. Redundancy	e. the meaning given to data by the way in which it is interpreted.
6. Cache	f. the transmission and distribution of messages, information, facsimiles of documents, etc., from one computer terminal to another.
7. Information	g. an item-by-item record of names or things, usually written or printed one under the other.
8. Database	h. duplication of components in electronic or mechanical equipment so that operations can continue following failure of a part.

7. Translate these passages in writing:

a) Every time you use a domain name, you use the Internet's DNS servers to translate the human-readable domain name into the machine-readable IP address.

b) One of the keys to making this work is redundancy. There are multiple DNS servers at every level, so that if one fails, there are others to handle the requests. The other key is caching. Once a DNS server resolves a request, it caches the IP address it receives.

c) Even though it is totally invisible, DNS servers handle billions of requests every day and they are essential to the Internet's smooth functioning. The fact that this distributed database works so well and so invisibly day in and day out is a testimony to the design.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-29