VI. Выберите нужные местоимения из данных в скобках.

Test II

I. Прочитайте текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, следующие за ним.

David Ricardo and the Theory of Comparative Advantage

1. David Ricardo, the greatest of the classical economists, was born in 1772. His father, a Jewish immigrant, was a member of the London stock exchange. Ricardo entered his father’s business at the age of 14. In 1793, he married and went into business of his own. The young Ricardo quickly made a large fortune.

2. In 1799, Ricardo read Adam Smith’s “The Wealth of Nations” and developed an interest in political economy (as economics was then called). In 1809, his first writings on economics appeared. These were a series of newspaper articles on “The High Price of Billion”. In 1814 he retired business to devote all his time to political economy.

3. Ricardo’s major work was “Principles of Political Economy and Taxation”. This work contains, among other things, a pioneering statement of the principle of comparative advantage as applied to international trade.

4. Ricardo showed why it was beneficial for both countries, for England to export wool to Portugal and import wine in return, even though both products could be produced with less labour in Portugal.

5. The book covers the whole field of economics as it then existed. Ricardo held that the economy was growing toward a future “steady state”.

6. Ricardo’s book was extremely influential. For more than half a century thereafter, much of economics was an expansion of or a commentary on Ricardo’s work. Although Karl Marx eventually reached conclusions that differed radically from any of Ricardo’s views, his starting point was Ricardo’s theory of value and method of analyzing economic growth.

1. What was David Ricardo?

2. To what did he devote himself after retiring from business?

3. Ricardo’s works influenced the most famous economist Karl Marx, did not they?

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3, 4, 5-й абзацы текста.

III. Образуйте производные при помощи указанных суффиксов и переведите их на русский язык.

-ity: national, major, possible

-ment: to develop, to establish, to agree, to move

-ship: owner, member, dictator, partner

-able: profit, change, reason, value

-ly: near, independent, heavy, general

IV. Определите видовременные формы глаголов в следующих предложениях.

1. Transport system provides the public with important services.

2. The international economy has experienced a basic change lately.

3. After economic integration had grown, more and more nations became economically powerful.

4. The population of most developing nations is growing rapidly.

5. There will be a great rise in the demand for coffee.

V. Поставьте сказуемое придаточного предложения в нужную видовременную форму, учитывая правила согласования времен.

1. Economists understood that inflation (to cause) many economic problems by the end of the previous year.

2. Some specialists feared that they (not to provide) a stable monetary system in the future.

3. The people in the industrial countries knew that at that time they (to depend) heavily on imported oil.

VI. Выберите нужные местоимения из данных в скобках.

1. All societies develop (no, some) rules for social behaviour and economic activity.

2. There is (no, nothing) limit to people’s wants.

3. In economics “the long run” is the time period in which (nothing, anything) can be changed.

4. Price changes of (anything, any) kind create uncertainty in the minds of both, consumers and producers.

5. (Nobody, anybody) can overestimate the value of skilled labour.

VII. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it, one.

1. It is clear to everyone that the development of new technologies is important.

2. It is scarcity of productive resources that makes choices necessary.

3. One major goal of many societies is economic freedom.

4. One should remember that low fields are better for potatoes, and the high ones are better for wheat.

5. People in a rich country are healthier than those in a poor one.

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