Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps with by, until, while, before, scarcely, hardly … when, as soon as, when, as long as, the moment, after, soon(er), while, as, by the time.

1. You can keep those CDs for _________ as you like.

2. I can’t do any washing ________ the washing machine is repaired.

3. We saw the smoke ________ we turned into our street.

4. We had _______ gone to bed ________ there was a knock at the door.

5. Sarah parked the car_______ Paul dashed into the bank.

6. I have to finish these letters ____________ I can leave the office.

7. Wait here _________ I get back.

8. I was washing my hair _______ the phone rang.

9. You must be home ________ eleven o’clock tonight.

10. ________ Sue reached the bank, it had closed.

11. _________ he woke up, he jumped out of bed.

12. She did some research _______ she wrote her report.

13. I had ________ entered the house ______ the phone rang.

14. Simon hurt his leg climbing a tree.

15. We can’t go. We have to wait for the taxi to arrive.

16. We opened the gate. The dog ran towards us.

17. The shop will open at 9 o’clock. The staff will have come in to work by then.

18. Her phone card ran out during her conversation with her mother.

Exercise 6. Insert afterward(s), after (indicating shorter interval between actions) and later, subsequently (showing longer interval), before, until, till, earlier, previously and hitherto in the following sentences.

1. Mr. Major spoke to Mr. Kohl shortly _______ the Chancellor flew to India.

2. Now he's more focused on his work. ________, he was distracted, always making plans to go out.

3. Several government officials were injured. ________, two bridges and several buildings were damaged by fires.

4. You will sleep and stay asleep ______ you are told to awake.

5. What about the dead man on the runway? You ________ said that if any of the hostages were harmed you would move in immediately.

6. These expeditions marked a significant change in British policy. _________ they had been fighting a defensive war in Europe and America.

7. ______, he said "I bet you quote that in some interview!"

8. At Cambridge University, he gained a first in English and ______ completed his PhD thesis in early 19th century poetry.

9. We shared a cigarette. ________, she rested her head on my shoulder.

10. Several players needed police protection and then the remainder left the field. The referee ________ brought them back and made them all shake hands before resuming.

11. Write down those ideas. We can discuss them ________.

Exercise 6. Insert the appropriate linkers into the gaps.

1. I was already an old person _____ I stopped acting in that way.

2. Would you mind not questioning Pauline _______ you have studied the journal?

3. They had known each other for only three months ______ he left Brisbane.

4. She was a trifle unbalanced, perhaps even suicidal at the time. _______, she had attacked and beaten a complete stranger.

5. Не took a pencil out of his jacket and fumbled around _______ he found an old envelope.

6. He'll have to wait ______ we've finished here.

7. Floods have ruined the roads and communications. ________, they washed away the crops.

8. At this rate we'll capsize ________ we get to Rocky Isle.

9. _______ she had time to say a word, Andrew appeared.

10. She had put the phone down _______ he could press her for an answer.

11. He could authorize nothing _______ he had spoken to the new minister.

12. People always interrupted him ________ he had finished what he was trying to say.

13. Read the document carefully ________ you sign it.

14. They have recently identified the species of moth. ________ they enthusiastically expressed quite contradictory views.

15. He says he has never been in contact with him. ________, however, he claimed they were friends.

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