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Vocabulary Focus «Eco-efficiency»
1. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word or word collocation:
1. To seek to have economy without ecology is to try to … an environment with no knowledge or concern about how it works in itself.
a. operate b. manage c. control
2. The challenge, for industry, governments and individuals will be to … that continued economic development and social well-being are compatible with ecological support systems.
a. ensure b. guarantee c. prove
3. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) created the term … in 1992.
a. environmental effectiveness b. eco-efficiency c. green economy
4. Eco-efficiency is increasingly becoming a key … for success in business.
a. part b. element c. requirement
5. Many believe that eco-efficiency might have more … than just helping the environment.
a. benefits b. profits c. revenues
6. As eco-efficiency sweeps over businesses worldwide, some historians are beginning to use the phrase «the new industrial …».
a. breakthrough b. revolution c. achievement
7. Eco-efficiency applies to all business aspects, from … and production to marketing and distribution.
a. packing b. transportation c. purchasing
2. Mark the statement True or False:
1. The two big "e" words -- ecology and economy -- have been used as though they represented identical concerns.
2. The challenge, for industry, governments and individuals will be to ensure that continued economic development and social well-being are compatible with ecological support systems.
3. Eco-efficiency has become one of the obsolete words of our time.
4. The chief goals of eco-efficiency are to increase wasting resources without compromising the creation of products or quality of services within a business.
5. Eco-efficiency doesn’t apply to all business aspects, from purchasing and production to marketing and distribution.
6. Water pollution – the best-known man-made cause of global warming.
7. In practice, sulphur dioxide emissions need to be supplemented by local controls to avoid concentrated pockets of pollution.
3. Choose the correct prepositions:
1. The business climate … the 21st century will be characterized … increasing globalization, revolutions in information technology, rapid process and product innovations and chaotic marketplace demand.
a. -, by b. of, by c. on, of
2. The Earth itself is what ultimately controls economic activity because it is the source of the materials … which economic activity works.
a. upon b. of c. against
3. In practice, eco-efficiency is achieved … the pursuit of three core objectives.
a. across b. through c. between
4. The chief goals of eco-efficiency are to reduce wasting resources ….. compromising the creation of products or quality of services ….. a business.
a. without, in b. with, in c. without, within
5. As eco-efficiency sweeps …. businesses worldwide, some historians are beginning to use the phrase "the new industrial revolution."
a. over b. through c. of
6. Eco-efficiency applies to all business aspects, … purchasing and production … marketing and distribution.
a. in, in b. from, to c. from, of
7. Critics may say it is immoral to give companies an explicit right … pollute.
a. to b. of c. on
8. “It’s time to take the environment … … the warm, fuzzy area”.
a. on of b. out in c. out of
4. Read carefully the description given below and choose the suitable word to match it:
1. The best-known man-made cause of global warming.
a. water pollution b. motor vehicle emissions c. carbon dioxide
2. The promotion of environmentally-friendly policies, designs and products within a business.
a. eco-efficiency b. nature protection c. animal protection
3. The WBCSD.
a. The World Business Council for Sustainable Decrease
b. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development
c. The World Business Council for Speedy Development
4. A secondary product derived from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction.
a. by-product b. primary product c. activation product
5. A steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of ozone in Earth's stratosphere (the ozone layer).
a. air pollution b. global warming c. ozone layer depletion
6. A general sense is the capacity to support, maintain or endure.
a. sustainability b. exhaustion c. improvement
7. Any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence.
a. water degradation b. wastewater c. depletion of waters
5. Choose the variant which is closest in meaning to the underlined words:
1. The business climate of the 21st century will be characterized by increasing globalization, revolutions in information technology, rapid process and product innovations and chaotic marketplace demand.
a. processing technology b. telecommunications c. networking
2. Economy and ecology cannot be separated.
a. linked b. combined c. stripped
3. This shift will involve the development of materials, products and industrial processes and services that are more eco-efficient.
a. alteration b. displacement c. modifying
4. Eco-efficiency is achieved through the pursuit of three core objectives.
a. search b. changing c. finding
5. Eco-efficient production is a major opportunity to enhance a company's competitive position in the market.
a. improve b. decrease c. increase
6. Some business owners are also attracted to the lower overhead costs.
a. expenses b. direct expenses c. constant costs
7. Increased productivity and employee morale - through closer alignment of company values with the personal values of the employees.
a. adjustment b. reorganization c. modernization
6. Choose the correct variant of the translation:
1. Sustainable.
a. устойчивый b. изменчивый c. зависимый
2. Recycling.
a. повторное размещение b. распределение c. повторное использование
3. Mutually opposing entities.
a. схожие положения
b. взаимно противоположные единицы
c. взаимно пересекающиеся мнения
4. Customer loyalty.
a. непостоянство покупателя
b. честность покупателя
c. покупательское постоянство
5. To sweep over.
a. захлестнуть
b. передвигаться
c. изменять
6. Alignment.
a. регулировка
b. дополнение
c. возмещение
7. Buzzword.
a. устаревшее слово
b. профессиональное слово
c. модное словечко
7. Fill in the spaces in this extract using the following words for reference:
benefits eco-mapping ensuring principles
eco-efficiency sustainability application costs
In simple terms, (1) …. means doing more with less. The concept of eco-efficiency is internationally recognised as the way business can contribute to the (2) …. of our society. Eco-efficiency is strongly supported by the business community, as it has both economic and environmental (3) ….. By being eco-efficient, goods and services can be produced with less energy and fewer raw materials, resulting in reduced waste, less pollution and lower (4)….. As we face a resource constrained future, it is becoming increasingly important to use resources more efficiently. The state government supports and encourages ecologically sustainable development by (5) …. its policies include waste and pollution strategies.
The (6) …. of eco-efficiency principles to a particular business is dependent on industry type and the size of business. Therefore specialist advice should be sought if a business is intending to adopt eco-efficiency (7) ….. Businesses are advised to engage their staff in the process of eco-efficiency improvements, as poor work practices form a significant proportion of inefficiencies. Consider using a simple environmental assessment tool such as (8) …..
Keys
Vocabulary Focus «Eco-efficiency»
1. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word or word collocation:
1. To seek to have economy without ecology is to try to manage an environment with no knowledge or concern about how it works in itself.
a. operate b. manage c. control
2. The challenge, for industry, governments and individuals will be to ensure that continued economic development and social well-being are compatible with ecological support systems.
a. ensure b. guarantee c. prove
3. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) created the term "eco-efficiency" in 1992.
a. environmental effectiveness b. eco-efficiency c. green economy
4. Eco-efficiency is increasingly becoming a key requirement for success in business.
a. part b. element c. requirement
5. Many believe that eco-efficiency might have more benefits than just helping the environment.
a. benefits b. profits c. revenues
6. As eco-efficiency sweeps over businesses worldwide, some historians are beginning to use the phrase «the new industrial revolution».
a. breakthrough b. revolution c. achievement
7. Eco-efficiency applies to all business aspects, from purchasing and production to marketing and distribution.
a. packing b. transportation c. purchasing
2. Mark the statement True or False:
1. The two big "e" words -- ecology and economy -- have been used as though they represented opposing concerns. (False).
2. The challenge, for industry, governments and individuals will be to ensure that continued economic development and social well-being are compatible with ecological support systems (True).
3. Eco-efficiency has become one of the buzzwords of our time. (False)
4. The chief goals of eco-efficiency are to reduce wasting resources without compromising the creation of products or quality of services within a business. (False)
5. Eco-efficiency applies to all business aspects, from purchasing and production to marketing and distribution. (True)
6. Carbon dioxide – the best-known man-made cause of global warming. (False)
7. In practice, sulphur dioxide emissions need to be supplemented by local controls to avoid concentrated pockets of pollution. (True)
3. Choose the correct prepositions:
1. The business climate of the 21st century will be characterized by increasing globalization, revolutions in information technology, rapid process and product innovations and chaotic marketplace demand.
a. -, by b. of, by c. on, of
2. The Earth itself is what ultimately controls economic activity because it is the source of the materials upon which economic activity works.
a. upon b. of c. against
3. In practice, eco-efficiency is achieved through the pursuit of three core objectives.
a. across b. through c. between
4. 4. The chief goals of eco-efficiency are to reduce wasting resources without compromising the creation of products or quality of services within a business.
a. without, in b. with, in c. without, within
5. As eco-efficiency sweeps over businesses worldwide, some historians are beginning to use the phrase "the new industrial revolution."
a. over b. through c. of
6. Eco-efficiency applies to all business aspects, from purchasing and production to marketing and distribution.
a. in, in b. from, to c. from, of
7. Critics may say it is immoral to give companies an explicit right to pollute.
a. to b. of c. on
8. “It’s time to take the environment out of the warm, fuzzy area”.
a. on of b. out in c. out of
4. Read carefully the description given below and choose the suitable word to match it:
1. The best-known man-made cause of global warming.
a. water pollution b. motor vehicle emissions c. carbon dioxide
2. The promotion of environmentally-friendly policies, designs and products within a business.
a. eco-efficiency b. nature protection c. animal protection
3. The WBCSD.
a. The World Business Council for Sustainable Decrease
b. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development
c. The World Business Council for Speedy Development
4. A secondary product derived from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction.
a. by-product b. primary product c. activation product
5. A steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of ozone in Earth's stratosphere (the ozone layer).
a. air pollution b. global warming c. ozone layer depletion
6. A general sense is the capacity to support, maintain or endure.
a. sustainability b. exhaustion c. improvement
7. Any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence.
a. water degradation b. wastewater c. depletion of waters
5. Choose the variant which is closest in meaning to the underlined words:
1. The business climate of the 21st century will be characterized by increasing globalization, revolutions in information technology, rapid process and product innovations and chaotic marketplace demand.
a. processing technology b. telecommunications c. networking
2. Economy and ecology cannot be separated.
a. linked b. combined c. stripped
3. This shift will involve the development of materials, products and industrial processes and services that are more eco-efficient.
a. alteration b. displacement c. modifying
4. Eco-efficiency is achieved through the pursuit of three core objectives.
a. search b. changing c. finding
5. Eco-efficient production is a major opportunity to enhance a company's competitive position in the market.
a. improve b. decrease c. increase
6. Some business owners are also attracted to the lower overhead costs.
a. expenses b. direct expenses c. constant costs
7. Increased productivity and employee morale - through closer alignment of company values with the personal values of the employees.
a. adjustment b. reorganization c. modernization
6. Choose the correct variant of the translation:
1. Sustainable.
a. устойчивый b. изменчивый c. зависимый
2. Recycling.
a. повторное размещение b. распределение c. повторное использование
3. Mutually opposing entities.
a. схожие положения
b. взаимно противоположные единицы
c. взаимно пересекающиеся мнения
4. Customer loyalty.
a. непостоянство покупателя
b. честность покупателя
c. покупательское постоянство
5. To sweep over.
a. захлестнуть
b. передвигаться
c. изменять
6. Alignment.
a. регулировка
b. дополнение
c. возмещение
7. Buzzword.
a. устаревшее слово
b. профессиональное слово
c. модное словечко
7. Fill in the spaces in this extract using the following words for reference:
In simple terms, eco-efficiency means doing more with less. The concept of eco-efficiency is internationally recognised as the way business can contribute to the sustainability of our society. Eco-efficiency is strongly supported by the business community, as it has both economic and environmental benefits. By being eco-efficient, goods and services can be produced with less energy and fewer raw materials, resulting in reduced waste, less pollution and lower costs. As we face a resource constrained future, it is becoming increasingly important to use resources more efficiently. The state government supports and encourages ecologically sustainable development by ensuring its policies include waste and pollution strategies.
The application of eco-efficiency principles to a particular business is dependent on industry type and the size of business. Therefore specialist advice should be sought if a business is intending to adopt eco-efficiency principles. Businesses are advised to engage their staff in the process of eco-efficiency improvements, as poor work practices form a significant proportion of inefficiencies. Consider using a simple environmental assessment tool such as eco-mapping.
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