Jumbo flies across the Atlantic on just 3 engines

Рекомендована література

1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.9, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13.

Тема 9. «Weather»

Питання для самостійного вивчення:

• вивчення лексики професійного спрямування до тексту;
• читання тексту;
• переклад тексту;
• знаходження знайомих граматичних форм і конструкції;
• розуміння змісту прочитаного;
• підготовка до обговорення тематичного матеріалу тексту;

· огляд рекомендованої літератури, бібліографічних і до­відкових джерел, преси англійською мовою.

Завдання для самоконтролю знань

Volcanic ash

Volcanic ash clouds are a mixture of abrasive pulverized rock and corrosive gases that pose known dangers to flight operations. Ash not only endangers aircraft - causing engine thrust loss or flameout, erosion to leading edges, and clogging of pitot- static systems - but also results in millions of dollars in re-routing costs and flight delays.

The presence of ash clouds is not always readily evident to a flight crew. The sky depicted in the accompanying photo may appear to contain a typical cumulonimbus formation, but in fact it also contains an ash plume ascending into the clouds. The analyst’s first priority is to notify the affected meteorological watch offices to facilitate the issuance of a volcanic ash SIGMET. Next, the analyst prepares a text product known as the volcanic ash advisory. A volcanic ash advisory in principle is intended to assist the meteorological watch offices in preparing warnings. In addition, they provide the aviation community with all of the pertinent information available concerning the airborne volcanic ash. Ideally, a volcanic ash advisory will contain information on the eruption, location, height and amount of ash, current movement - noting when different areas of the ash move in different directions – and other information. Volcanic ash advisories are updated at least every six hours, but more frequently if the ash situation changes substantially.

Volcanic ash advisories are available to the aviation community via a variety of communications systems, including satellite broadcasts operated by the world area forecast centres and from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). Besides satellite imagery, many other data sources provide crucial information necessary to create an accurate volcanic ash advisory. Pilot reports, airline phone calls, surface weather observations, volcanological observatories, SIGMETs, upper air observations (radiosondes), numerical weather models and

media reports are useful.

Рекомендована література

1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.9, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13.

Модуль 9

Дата добавления: 2015-10-29