Ex.12 Give a written summary of the text in 5-7 sentences.

Text 2

Ex.1 Translate and memorize the following words:

Ruler, reign, prisoner, courage, plot, glory, amusement, stable, to execute, to suppress, to flourish.

Ex.2 Insert the words from exercise 1 in the gaps:

1. The revolution overthrew the … of he country. 2. The pilot was taken … by the gunmen for many hours. 3. He … his real tastes till he became the husband of Miss Curtis. 4. Three of the Earl's faithful servants were … at Perth. 5. This park was built for …. 6. A lot of … were devised during Elizabeth’s reign. 6. New Forest in Hampshire was made during the … of William the Conqueror. 7. This soldier was awarded a medal for …. 8. The American economy is a capitalist economy, private enterprises … there. 9. This politician had a … position in the government. 10. Eternal … to our heroes!

Ex.3 Translate the following sentences from English into Russian:

1. Queen Elizabeth I was one of the strongest rulersin England's history. 2. Like her father, Elizabeth I was a Protestant monarch. 3. She led her country with great cleverness and courage through the difficult and often dangerous times. 4. In 1587, Elizabeth executed her Catholic cousin Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, for her role in the plot against Elizabeth. 5. In 1588, Elizabeth’s navy defeated the Spanish Armada, sent to invade England. 6. During Elizabeth's reign English culture flourished. 7. The theatre became a favourite amusementof people, especially in towns.

Ex.4 Read the text and give answers to the following questions:

1. Was Queen Elizabeth I was one of the strongest rulers in England's history? 2. Was Queen Elizabeth’s I childhood difficult? 3. Did Elizabeth I lead the country with cleverness and courage? 4. Did Elizabeth’s navy defeat the Spanish Armada, sent to invade England? 5. Did the development of the English language reached the heightof its power as an instrument of prose and especially of poetry?

Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603)

Queen Elizabeth I was one of the strongest rulers in England's history. She was the last of the Tudor dynasty, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth had a difficult early childhood. Her mother was executed when she was only three years old, and during her sister Mary's reign (1553-58) she was a prisoner. Elizabeth received a good education, including foreign languages (French, Latin, Spanish), science, and mathematics. In 1558, after the death of Mary, Elizabeth became Queen. Like her father, Elizabeth I was a Protestant monarch. This meant that she was the head of the church of England. She led her country with great cleverness and courage through the difficult and often dangerous times. She was queen of England for 45 years. During her long and stable reign, she suppressed several Catholic plots against her Protestant regime. In 1587, Elizabeth executed her Catholic cousin Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, for her role in the plot against Elizabeth. The Catholic forces in England and Spain had supported Mary.

In 1588, Elizabeth’s navy defeated the Spanish Armada, sent to invade England. By the time the queen died, England was a wealthy trading nation and a stable Protestant state.

During Elizabeth's reign English culture flourished. The development of the English language reached the height of its power as an instrument of prose and especially of poetry. The English drama is the crowning glory of the Elizabethan age. The most outstanding dramatist and poet of the period was William Shakespeare.

The theatre became a favourite amusement of people, especially in towns. Theatres appeared one after another. At the end of the century there were about 10 theatres in London.

Ex.5 Look through the text again and translate the following words and word-combinations:

Early childhood, to receive good education, head of the church, to lead the country, cleverness and courage, dangerous times, stable reign, to suppress plots, Catholic forces, to support, a wealthy trading nation, Protestant state, to reach the height of, crowning glory, outstanding dramatist, favourite amusement.

Ex.6 Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:

Одна из; последняя из династии Тюдоров; ее мать казнили; Елизавета получила хорошее образование; она управляла своей страной; в период ее длительного правления; она подавила несколько католических заговоров; они поддерживали Марию; развитие английского языка достигло; елизаветинский век (период).

Ex.7 Correct the statements if necessary:

1. Queen Elizabeth I was one of the weakest rulers in England's history. 2. Her mother was executed when she was only ten years old, and during her sister Mary's reign(1553-58) she was a prisoner. 3. In 1587, Elizabeth executed her Orthodox cousin Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, for her role in the plot against Elizabeth. 4. In 1588, Elizabeth’s navy defeated the French Armada, sent to invade England.

Ex.8 Give questions to which the following sentences are the answers:

1. She was the last of the Tudor dynasty, thedaughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. 2. Elizabeth received a good education, including foreign languages (French, Latin, Spanish), science, and mathematics. 3. The Catholic forces in England and Spain had supported Mary. 4. By the time the queen died, England was a wealthy trading nation and a stable Protestant state.

Ex.9 Use the text to enlarge the given statements:

1. Elizabeth received a good education, including …. 2. Like her father, Elizabeth I was a …. 3. She led her country with great cleverness and courage through …. 4. She was queen of England for …. 5. During her long and stable reign, she suppressed several …. 5. The development of the English language reached the heightof its power as an …. 6. The most outstanding dramatist and poet of the period was … 7. At the end of the century there were ….

Ex.10 Answer the following questions:

l. What kind of ruler was Queen Elizabeth?

2. What is known about her childhood?

3. How long did she lead the country?

4. What political events took place during her reign?

5. How did English culture change during Elizabeth's reign?

Ex.11 Reorder the items of the plan according to the logic of the text. Describe item 4 of the plan in detail.

1. In 1587, Elizabeth executed her Catholic cousin Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, for her role in the plot against Elizabeth.

2. Like her father, Elizabeth I was a Protestant monarch.

3. In 1588, Elizabeth’s navy defeated the Spanish Armada, sent to invade England.

4. Queen Elizabeth I was one of the strongest rulersin England's history.

5. During Elizabeth's reign English culture flourished.

6. She led her country with great cleverness and courage through the difficult and often dangerous times.

7. The theatre became a favourite amusementof people, especially in towns.

Ex.12 Give a written summary of the text in 5-7 sentences.

Text 3

Ex.1 Translate and memorize the following words:

Certainty, commodity, coach house, customer, fame, fever, nobleness, vanity, considerable, to juggle, to make smb’s living, to draw, to retire, to forbid, to ban.

Ex.2 Insert the words from exercise 1 in the gaps:

1. Charlie Chaplain learnt to … early in the childhood. 2. Supermarkets … customers in by a good choice of goods. 3. He spent a … amount of time in jail. 4. Marilyn Monroe died at the height of her …. 5. … Fair was written by W. Thackeray. 6. Jews were strictly … to engage in any business. 7. At the end of the meal, we all … to the garden. 8. Shakespeare’s father was a dealer in wool and various …. 9. Medieval knights were an example of nobleness. 10. The young actor …his … by playing at a local theatre. 11. There is no … of success. 12. W. Shakespeare died of ….

Ex.3 Translate the following sentences from English into Russian:

1. Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in the small town of Stratford-upon-Avon, about 75 miles from London. 2. William went to grammar school and soon began to develop a keen interest in words and language. 3. When William was eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway, nearly eight years older than himself. 4. At twenty-one he left Stratford-upon-Avon for London. where he began his acting career and started to write plays. 5. In the late 90s, Shakespeare became one of the owners of a new theatre called “The Globe”. 6. In 1611 Shakespeare retired to one of the largest houses in his native Stratford. 7. William died of a fever at the age of 52, ironically on the same date as his birthday, 23rd April, and was buried in his native town. 8. Shakespeare is the author of 2 poems, 37 plays and 154 sonnets.

Ex.4 Read the text and give answers to the following questions:

1. Was Shakespeare born in Stratford-upon-Avon? 2. Was William Shakespeare the eldest of eight children? 3. Did Shakespeare show a keen interest in words and language? 4. Did Shakespeare’s career begin in London? 5. Was Shakespeare one of the owners of the “Globe”? 6. Are Shakespeare’s tragedies of great interest to every new generation?

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

Who was this William Shakespeare of Stratford? More has been written about him than about any other writer. And yet we know very little about his life, and there are certain things that historians cannot state with any degree of certainty.

Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in the small town of Stratford-upon-Avon, about 75 miles from London. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glover and a dealer in wool and various commodities, a respected figure in Stratford. William's mother, Mary Arden, was a farmer's daughter. William was the eldest of eight children.

William went to grammar school and soon began to develop a keen interest in words and language. He loved watching troops of traveling actors, juggling, fire-eating or performing plays. These players toured the country to make their living, and performed on rough stages in pubs and coach houses. The idea of theatre, as we now know it, hadn't yet got going.

Of course the pub landlords soon realized that these traveling players were good for business, as they drew extra customers in. So they started to build more permanent stages for these performances.

When William was eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway, nearly eight years older than himself. He lived in Stratford until he was twenty-one. By that time he had already 3 children. At twenty-one he left Stratford-upon-Avon for London. This is where he began his acting career and more importantly started to write plays.

His first play, “Two Gentlemen of Verona”, was published when he was just 24. He then went on to write many more, averaging about two plays a year, including “Romeo and Juliet”, “A Midsummer-Night's Dream” and “Julius Caesar”.

These plays were big hits, although it is strange to think that because women weren't allowed to act in public, all the parts were played by men! Even Juliet was played by a young boy!

In the middle of the 1590s William Shakespeare joined a theatrical company, known as the “Lord Chamberlain's Men”, and worked as an actor and a playwright. In the late 90s, when Shakespeare was already reaching the height of his fame, a new theatre called “The Globe” was built on the bank of the Thames. Shakespeare became one of its owners. The people of London liked it better than any other theatre. It was in “The Globe” that most of Shakespeare's plays were staged at that time.

In 1611 Shakespeare retired to one of the largest houses in his native Stratford. He had bought the house for a considerable sum in 1597. For five years from 1611 he lived in Stratford. By extraordinary chance the town had come under the control of a Puritan council which forbade players to act there. Thus Shakespeare lived to the end of his life in a town where his own plays were banned and his colleagues were unwelcome.

William died of a fever at the age of 52, ironically on the same date as his birthday, 23rd April, and was buried in his native town. But of course he has lived on for centuries through his comedies, tragedies, historical plays and poetry.

Shakespeare is the author of 2 poems, 37 plays and 154 sonnets. His plays can be divided into some genre groups: brilliant comedies, historical chronicles, tragedies and dramas.

Shakespeare's comedies describe the adventures of young men and women, their friendship and love, their search for happiness. The comedies are usually based on some misunderstanding that creates comic situations. They are full of fun. The comedies are filled with humanist love for people and the belief in the nobleness and kindness of human nature.

Historical chronicles are plays written on subject from national history. They cover a period of more than 300 years of English history, from the rule of King John in the 12th century up to the 16th century.

The tragedies, like the chronicles, are also based on real events but there is a considerable difference between the two genres. The playwright raised great problems of Good and Evil in both. But in the chronicles they are mostly linked with political themes - the questions of the state and public life of the period described. In the tragedies, which are centered round the life of one man, Shakespeare touched on the moral problems of universal significance - honesty, cruelty, kindness, love, vanity and others. That is why his tragedies are of great interest to every new generation.

Ex.5 Look through the text again and translate the following words and word-combinations:

Degree of certainty, respected figure, farmer’s daughter, keen interest, troops of traveling actors, rough stag, pub landlords, acting career, to act in public, theatrical company, considerable sum, extraordinary chance, Puritan council, search for happiness, adventure, kindness of human nature, real events, universal significance, honesty, new generation.

Ex.6 Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:

Шекспир родился; уважаемый человек; старший из восьми детей; к тому времени; нарушить молчание; работал в качестве актера и драматурга; стал одним из его владельцев; где были запрещены его пьесы; он был похоронен в своем родном городе; его пьесы можно поделить на несколько жанровых групп; поиски счастья; представляют огромный интерес для каждого нового поколения.

Ex.7 Correct the statements if necessary:

1. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glover and a dealer in wool. 2. He disliked watching troops of traveling actors, juggling, fire-eating or performing plays. 3. When William was eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway, nearly eight years younger than himself. 4. His first play, “Two Gentlemen of Verona”, was published when he was just 22. 5. These plays were big hits, although it is strange to think that because women weren't allowed to act in public.

Ex.8 Give questions to which the following sentences are the answers:

1. Even Juliet was played by a young boy! 2. It was in “The Globe” that most of Shakespeare's plays were staged at that time. 3. Shakespeare lived to the end of his life in a town where his own plays were bannedand his colleagues were unwelcome. 4. But of course he has lived on for centuries through his comedies, tragedies, historical plays and poetry.

Ex.9 Use the text to enlarge the given statements:

1. These players touredthe country tomake their living, and …. 2. Of course the pub landlords soon realized that …. 3. It was in “The Globe” that most of Shakespeare's plays …. 4. He had bought the house for a …. 5. Thus Shakespeare lived to the end of his life in a town where …. 6. His plays can be divided into some genre groups: …. 7. Shakespeare's comedies describe the adventures of …. 8. The comedies are filled with humanist love for …. 9. The playwright raised great problems of ….

Ex.10 Answer the following questions:

l. What is known about William Shakespeare before his departure to London?

2. What was his theatrical activity?

3. What was his main life tragedy after he had retired to his native Stratford?

4. What is Shakespeare's literary legacy (наследие)?

5. What are the characteristic features of Shakespeare's comedies?

6. On what subjects were Shakespeare's historical chronicles written?

7. What is the main difference between the chronicle and- the tragedy?

Ex.11 Reorder the items of the plan according to the logic of the text. Describe item 3 of the plan in detail.

1. When William was eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway, nearly eight years older than himself.

2. William went to grammar school and soon began to develop a keen interest in words and language.

3. Shakespeare is the author of 2 poems, 37 plays and 154 sonnets.

4. In the late 90s, Shakespeare became one of the owners of a new theatre called “The Globe”.

5. At twenty-one he left Stratford-upon-Avon for London.

6. William died of a fever at the age of 52, ironically on the same date as his birthday, 23rd April, and was buried in his native town. 8.

7. Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in the small town of Stratford-upon-Avon, about 75 miles from London.

8. In 1611 Shakespeare retired to one of the largest houses in his native Stratford.

Ex.12 Give a written summary of the text in 5-7 sentences.

UNIT 5

THE ENGLISH BOURGEOIS REVOLUTION IN THE 17th CENTURY

Ex.1 Translate and memorize the following words:

Approval, commonwealth, troop, to rule, to execute, to gain, to lead, to dissolve, to restore, to extend, to justify, to limit, to preserve, to sign, to decree.

Ex.2 Insert the words from exercise 1 in the gaps:

1. The government had given its … upon certain actions. 2. The government issued a … that a new tax should be imposed. 3. The… of Independent States was founded in 1991. 4. After continuing debates the government had to … an agreement. 5. Cromwell used his … to take power. 6. These fine old houses should be … for the future. 7. Queen Victoria … over the British Empire for more than 60 years. 8. Having so little money … you in your choice. 9. Three of the Earl's faithful servants were … at Perth. 10. It would be hard to … the policy of the government. 11. A new Parliament was formed where Royalists …majority. 12. We … the fence to the edge of our property. 13. The troops were … by Oliver Cromwell. 14. The city council has helped to … some older buildings. 15. The Kind decided to … the Parliament.

Ex.3 Translate the following sentences from English into Russian:

1. In 1642 a civil war broke outin the country as a result of the antagonism between the King and Parliament. 2. After the execution of King Charles I in 1649, England had no king and the English Commonwealthwas proclaimed. 3. Actually the Commonwealth was a military dictatorship and Cromwell became a dictator who ruled over the country without the council of the people. 4. In 1660 monarchy was restoredin England. 5. In 1689 the new king had to sign the Bill of Rights. It was the establishment of constitutional, or parliamentary, monarchy.

Ex.4 Read the text and give answers to the following questions:

1. Were the 1600s were difficult times for England? 2. Did the Parliament win the victory in the Civil war in the 1600s? 3. Was Charles I executed? 4. Did Cromwell use his troops to take power? 5. Did the English Commonwealth, the first republic in Europe, justify the hopes of the people? 6. Did the period of Restoration solve the problems of England?

Text 1

The 1600s were difficult times for England. In 1642 a civil war broke out in the country. It was a result of the antagonism between the King and Parliament. The struggle of Parliament against the King had begun in England long before the events as any king wanted to rule over the country without any parliament. It was in the reign of Charles I (1625-1649) that the struggle between Crown and Parliament reached its culmination. In the Civil War the Parliament won the victory and Charles I was executed.

After the execution of King Charles I in 1649, England had no king. The English Commonwealth was proclaimed. It became a republic governed by the common people and was called the Commonwealth. In fact, real power was in the hands of the army, which was led by Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658). During the Civil War, Cromwell became an outstanding military leader and created the New Model Army¹. After the king's execution in 1949, Cromwell used his troops to take power. People greeted him and hoped for better life.

But the English Commonwealth, the first republic in Europe, did not justify the hopes of the people. A constitution was written but it protected the rights of the landowners against peasants. In 1653 Cromwell dissolved Parliament and ruled the Commonwealth with the advice of the Council of State, using the title Lord Protector, until his death five years later. Actually it was a military dictatorship and Cromwell became a dictator who ruled over the country without the council of the people.

The end of the Commonwealth came with the death of Cromwell. The government was too weak and anew Parliament was formed where Royalists² gained majority. Charles II was invited by the new Parliament to become king of England. Thus in 1660 monarchy was restored in England. The period of 1660-1688 is known as the Restoration.

However, it did not solve the problems of England. The period of Restoration is characterized by a struggle for power between the bourgeoisie and the landed aristocracy, between Parliament and king. Charles II and then James II⁴ wanted to free themselves from Parliament and to restore Catholicism in England. The Parliament wanted to limit the power of monarchy, to extend that of Parliament and to ban Catholics to occupy any position of government importance.

The landed aristocracy and the bourgeoisie were consolidated in their struggle with the Catholic king. A compromise between the landed aristocracy and the bourgeoisie was found. As a result a Protestant king was seated on the English throne. Thus monarchy was preserved as well as the House of Lords, the royal court. These traditional institutions of feudalism had now anew content and they were to serve the bourgeoisie in alliance with the landed aristocracy. In 1689 the new king had to sign the Bill of Rights. It was decreed that questions of prime importance were to be decided not by the king but by Parliament. No English king or government could follow policies, which did not have Parliament's approval. Thus it was the establishment of constitutional, or parliamentary, monarchy.

¹New Model Army - армия нового образца

²Royalists - Those who fought on the king's side called Cavaliers (or Royalists - роялисты). They had long hair and dressed fine. Those who fought on the side of Parliament were nicknamed Roundheads (круглоголовые). They had short hair and simple dresses.

³Charles II - Charles I's son (Карл II - сын Карла I).

⁴James II - the king was crowned in 1685 after Charles II’s death.

Ex.5 Look through the text again and translate the following words and word-combinations:

Civil war, to reach culmination, common people, outstanding military leader, the Council of State, to gain majority, the period of restoration, to solve the problems, landed aristocracy, to limit the power of monarchy, to occupy the position, the Bill of rights, the royal court, to serve bourgeoisie, to be of prime importance, to follow the policies, the establishment of constitutional, or parliamentary, monarchy.

Ex.6 Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:

Борьба началась задолго до этих событий; именно в период правления Карла I борьба достигла кульминации; одержал победу; Карл I был казнен; власть была в руках армии; Кромвель использовал войска для захвата власти; не оправдала надежды народа; но она защищала права землевладельцев; фактически это была военная диктатура; Кромвель распустил парламент; был издан декрет о том, что....

Ex.7 Correct the statements if necessary:

1. It was in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1625-1649) that the struggle between Crown and Parliament reached its culmination. 2. People greeted Cromwell and hoped for better life. 3. A constitution was written but it protected the rights of the peasants against landowners.4. Charles II and then James II wanted to free themselves from Parliament and to restore Protestantism in England. 5. A compromise between the landed aristocracy and the bourgeoisie was not found. 6. Thus monarchy was preserved as well as the House of Lords, the royal court.7. No English king or government could follow policies, which did not have Congress’s approval.

Ex.8 Give questions to which the following sentences are the answers:

1. It was in the reign of Charles I (1625-1649) that the struggle between Crown and Parliament reached its culmination. 3. In 1649 the English Commonwealthwas proclaimed. 4. In fact, real power was in the hands of the army, which was led by Oliver Cromwell. 5. A constitution was written but it protected the rights of the landowners against peasants.

Ex.9 Use the text to enlarge the given statements:

1. The government was too weak and anew Parliament was formed where Royalists …. 2. The period of Restoration is characterized by a struggle for power between …. 3. The Parliament wanted to limit the power of monarchy, to extend that of …. 4. The landed aristocracy and the bourgeoisie were consolidated in …. 5. Thus monarchy was preserved as well as …. 6. It was decreed that questions of prime importance were to be decided …. 7. No English king or government could follow policies, which did not have ….

Ex.10 Answer the following questions:

l. What was the result of the struggle of Parliament against the king?

2. What kind of state was established after the king's execution?

3. Who governed the country after the Civil War?

4. Did the English Commonwealth justify the hopes of the people?

5. What changed in the country after Cromwell's death?

6. How was constitutional monarchy established?

Ex.11 Reorder the items of the plan according to the logic of the text. Describe item 2 of the plan in detail.

1. In 1660 monarchy was restoredin England.

2. In 1642 a civil war broke outin the country as a result of the antagonism between the King and Parliament.

3. In 1689 the new king had to sign the Bill of Rights. It was the establishment of constitutional, or parliamentary, monarchy.

4. After the execution of King Charles I in 1649, England had no king and the English Commonwealthwas proclaimed.

5. Actually the Commonwealth was a military dictatorship and Cromwell became a dictator who ruled over the country without the council of the people.

Ex.12 Give a written summary of the text in 5-7 sentences.

Text 2

Ex.1 Translate and memorize the following words:

Plague, disease, to occur, empty, narrow, to affect, to spread, to escape, to purify, to die down, to be over, to occur.

Ex.2 Insert the words from exercise 1 in the gaps:

1. The river here … to a width of half a mile. 2. There was a great epidemic in London in 1665 - the …. 3. He was … by influenza. 4. All water in this area has been … of undesirable chemicals. 5. Two criminals … from prison last night. 6. The man was dying: he had a fatal …. 7. The … territory stretches for nine hundred miles across southern Arabia. 8. By the end of November the plague began to …. 9. In Riga one can see a lot of … streets. 10. A great disaster … in Chernobyl in 1986. 11. World War II was over in 1945.

Ex.3 Translate the following sentences from English into Russian:

1. In June 1665 London was affected by the greatest epidemic - the plague. 2. The narrow airless streets of London, bad sanitationhelped the disease to spread. 3. About 70 000 people died of the disease that year. 4. The rich population of London escaped to their country houses. 5. The Lord Mayor¹ ordered the fires to be burnt in the streets to purify the air. 6. The cold weather of December stopped it at last. 7. And then, just when the worst months of the plague were over,another disaster occurred:fire.

Ex.4 Read the text and give answers to the following questions:

1. Was the plague the worst attack since the Black Death three centuries earlier? 2. Was a red cross painted on the door to show that someone in a house had the plague and that no one might go near it? 3. Could the great mass of poor people leave London?

The Black Death

In June 1665 London was affected by the greatest epidemic - the plague. It was the worst attack since the Black Death three centuries earlier. The narrow airless streets of London, bad sanitation helped the disease to spread. To show that someone in a house had the plague and that no one might go near it, a red cross was painted on the door. About 70 000 people died of the disease that year. The streets of London were empty, shops were closed and no boats were seen on the Thames. The rich population of London escaped to their country houses. However, the great mass of poor people could not leave.

Nothing could stop the plague from spreading. The Lord Mayor¹ ordered the fires to be burnt in the streets to purify the air. By the end of November the plague began to die down. The cold weather of December stopped it at last. And then, just when the worst months of the plague were over, another disaster occurred: fire.

Lord Mayor¹ - мэр

Ex.5 Look through the text again and translate the following words and word-combinations:

The greatest epidemic, the worst attack, narrow airless streets, bad sanitation, boat,rich population, spreading, to order, red cross.

Ex.6 Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:

Маленькие душные улицы; ничто не могло остановить чуму от распространения; мэр приказал жечь на улицах костры, чтобы очищать воздух; случилась другая беда.

Ex.7 Correct the statements if necessary:

The narrow airless streets of London, bad sanitationhelped the disease to die down. 2. To show that someone in a house had the plague and that no one might go near it, a red cross was painted on the window. 3. The Lord Mayor ordered the fires to be burnt in the streets to purifythe air. 4. And then, just when the worst months of the plague were over,another disaster occurred: flood.

Ex.8 Give questions to which the following sentences are the answers:

In June 1665 London was affectedby the greatest epidemic - the plague. 2. About 70 000 people died of the disease that year. 3. The streets of London were empty,shops were closed and no boats were seen on the Thames. 4. By the end of November the plague began to die down.

Ex.9 Use the text to enlarge the given statements:

1. The narrow airless streets of London, bad sanitation …. 2. The rich population of London …. 3. The Lord Mayor¹ ordered the fires …. 4. And then, just when the worst months of the plague were over ….

Ex.10 Answer the following questions:

1. Why did the plague spread so quickly in London?

2. What did the people do during the epidemic?

3. When did the epidemic stop?

Ex.11 Reorder the items of the plan according to the logic of the text. Describe item 4 of the plan in detail.

1. The rich population of London escaped to their country houses.

2. And then, just when the worst months of the plague were over,another disaster occurred:fire.

3. About 70 000 people died of the disease that year.

4. In June 1665 London was affected by the greatest epidemic - the plague.

5. The cold weather of December stopped it at last.

6. The narrow airless streets of London, bad sanitationhelped the disease to spread.

7. The Lord Mayor ordered the fires to be burnt in the streets to purify the air.

Ex.12 Give a written summary of the text in 5-7 sentences.

Text 3

Ex.1 Translate and memorize the following words:

Spot, fire brigade, flame, tent, slum, safe, to break out, to remind, to put up, to destroy, to take part.

Ex.2 Insert the words from exercise 1 in the gaps:

1. The Olympic … is always carried by some famous sportsman. 2. Fire … in the hospital last night. 3. The English … the monastery and half a century afterwards rebuilt it. 3. There was one … in Rome which was calm. 4. The war … people of great sufferings. 5. Many beggars in New-York live in …. 6. Is this beach safe for bathing? 7. The rest were organized into three …, and sent off in different directions. 8. The troops … … on the bank of the river. 9. World War II … in 1939. 10. Our sportsmen always … in the Olympic games.

Ex.3 Translate the following sentences from English into Russian:

1. On September, 2, a great fire broke out in the city. 2. Most of the houses in London were of wood. 3. The fire burnt for four days and five nights, and nothing could stop it. 4. Thirteen thousand houses and eighty-seven churches had been burned to the ground. 5. Wide streets and brick houses appeared in London after the Great Fire.

Ex.4 Read the text and give answers to the following questions:

1. Did the Great Fire spread very quickly? 2. Were there fire brigades at that time? 3. Did the fire destroy much of the city? 4. Did the fire do great good? 5. Did Sir Christopher Wren, the famous architect, take part in rebuilding the city?

---

Дата добавления: 2015-10-28