After text activity. Exercise 1.Read and memorize using a dictionary:

I. Reading Exercises:

Exercise 1. Read and memorize using a dictionary:

pressure vessel, wrought iron, live steam,formability,rivetting, cast iron, brittleness,Heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs), rejected, boiler barrel, accommodate,firebox, be kept, boiling point, augmenting, return flue boiler, 3-pass boiler, succession of coils, storage capacity,flash boiler, thermic siphons, safety valve, lap joints,faulty boiler, sludge,substandard boiler

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

1) Why is in live steam models, copper or brass often used?

2) What boiler types are called fire – tube boilers?

3) What boiler types are called water – tube boilers?

4) What boiler types are called water – tube fireboxes?

5) What is the source of heat for a boiler?

Exercise 3. Match the left part with the right:

1. Cast iron may be used	a) catastrophic failure of a boiler.
2. Boiler explosions are	b) more sophisticated and larger, constructed for stationary use.
3. Modern boilers are	c) if they are installed correctly.
4. Good quality boilers are reliable and efficient,	d)for the heating vessel of domestic water heaters.

Exercise 4. Open brackets choosing the right words:

A boiler (explosion/detonation) is a catastrophic failure of a boiler. As seen today, boiler explosions are of (two/three) kinds. One kind is a failure of the pressure parts of the steam and water sides. There can be many (different/various) causes, such as failure of the safety valve, corrosion of critical parts of the boiler, or (low /high) water level. Corrosion along the edges of lap joints was a (common/general) cause of early boiler explosions.

II. Speaking Exercises:

Exercise 1. Learn the definitions: Pot boiler; fire tube boiler; furnace; water – tube boiler.

"Pot boiler" "Pot boiler" or "Haycock boiler": a primitive "kettle" where a fire heats a partially-filled water container from below.  

fire tube boiler Here, water partially fills a boiler barrel with a small volume left above to accommodatethe steam (steam space).

furnace Largecontainer for burning fuel. A large enclosed container in which you burn fuel, used for heating a building or for an industrial process such as making metal liquid.  

water – tube boiler A water tube boiler is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated externally by the fire. Fuel is burned inside the furnace, creating hot gas.  

Exercise 2. Ask questions to the given answers:

1) Question: ___________________________________?

Answer: Water-tube fireboxes were installed in many Hungarian locomotives, but have met with little success in other countries.

2) Question: ___________________________________?

Answer: The source of heat for a boiler is combustion of any of several fuels, such as wood, coal, oil, or natural gas.

3) Question: ___________________________________?

Answer: Heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) use the heat rejected from other processes such as gas turbines.

III. Writing exercises:

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the suggested words:

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