The centenary of the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute

CONTENTS

MODULE I
UNIT 1	Education
Section 1.	Higher technical education……………………………………….
Section 2.	The centenary of the KPI................................................................
UNIT 2	Science
Section 1.	Origin of science……………………………………………….....
Section 2.	Mathematics –the language of science…………………………...
Section 3.	The fields and uses of physics…………………………………....
Section 4	Chemistry and chemical industry in modern life………….……...
UNIT 3	Computers
Section 1.	Communication with computers……………………………….....
Section 2.	What can computers do?.................................................................
UNIT 4	Ecology
Section 1.	Man and biosphere……………………………………………..…
Section 2.	Chornobyl nuclear accident………………………………..……..
Section 3.	The environmental problems of the western nations……………..
UNIT 5	Automation
Text 1.	Automation today and tomorrow………………………...……….
Text 2.	Automatic plant…………………………………………………...
Text 3.	Standardization……………………………………………………
UNIT 6.	Industry
Section 1.	Kyiv – the capital of Ukraine…………………………….……....
Section 2.	Ukraine…………………………………………………….…..….
Section 3.	Economy in Great Britain………………………………………...
Section 4.	Industry in the USA……………………………………………....
Listof the essay topics……………………………………………………...
MODULE II
UNIT 1	Metals
Section 1.	The metals………...………………………………………...........
Section 2.	Metals and their use…………….…………………………….......
Section 3.	Metals in perspective………………….……………………...…..
Section 4.	Alloys……………………………………….………………..…...
Section 5.	Metals and nuclear energy……………………….……….…..…..
UNIT 2	Casting of Metals
Section 1.	Metal casting……………………………………..……….………
Section 2.	Furnaces…………………………………………..…….………...
Section 3.	Cupola……………………………………………….….………...
UNIT 3	Engineering Materials
Section 1.	Materials technology……………………………………….……..
Section 2.	Metals properties (I)………………………………….….………..
Section 3.	Metals properties (II)………………………………….…...……..
Section 4.	Plastics…………………………………………………..….….…
Section 5.	Plastics with memory effect……………………………….…...…
Section 6.	Fibers…………………………………………………………......
Section 7.	Metals for motoring…………………………………….………...
UNIT 4	Nature elements
Section 1.	The periodic table of elements (I)……………….…………..……
Section 2.	The periodic table of elements (II)…………………………….....
Section 3.	Some interesting relationships…………………….………...……
Listof the essay topics…………………………………………………….......
Appendix 1.Короткий граматичний довідник в таблицях ………….…….
Appendix 2.…………………………………………………………………..
Vocabulary…………………………………………………………………...

MODULE I

UNIT 1

Section 1

1. Read and translate the following text:

HIGHER TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Higher technical education is offered by polytechnical and branch institutions of higher learning. Polytechnical institutes are large educational centres, training engineers in the most diverse fields of technology, providing them with a wide general scientific and general engineering education.

Branch institutes train engineers for individual branches of national economy, such as iron-and-steel, power engineering, mining, construction, mechanical engineering, forestry, transport, communications, the textile industry and many others.

Now that the country is through a period of qualitative changes in its economy, a period of mastering the latest achievements of the scientific and technical revolution, the higher school acquires a specific task to train engineers of a new type who would combine fundamental knowledge with a high professional level and practical training in the specific field of the national economy.

Engineers of a new type cannot be trained apart from modern production, science and technology.

The number of technical institutes, their specialization, a number of professions in which training is given and the forms in which the education is organized are continually adapted to the changing needs of production. In recent years there has been a greater emphasis on training engineers in applied mathematics, power engineering, electronics, designing of electric instruments and automatic devices, automatic control systems, and computer processing of information. At present Ukrainian technical institutes train engineers in more than 240 fields.

A college is a technical or professional school (often affiliated with a university). Colleges offer a variety of courses leading to the award of their own certificates or diplomas. Some of them have traditional links with a university and award the degree of that university. A college education is in most cases less academic and more practical than a university education, and usually vocational. Colleges prepare young people for entry to specific job, or offer a specialist qualification. Courses last from one to three years and may be full-time or part-time.

After high school, many students go to college. They can choose a small college or a large one, in their own town or in another. They generally have to pay for a college education. But there are some scholarships for good students, and many college students work part-time because they need money for their education. Colleges form an important part of higher education system.

A degree is an academic qualification awarded at most universities and colleges upon completion of a higher educational course (a first degree) or a piece of research (higher degrees). If students pass their final exam at the end of a three-year course, they get their first degree. Students with a first degree become Bachelors of Arts or Science, and can put B. A. or B. Sc. after their names. If they want to go a step further and become Master of Arts or Science, they have to write an original paper, or thesis, on some subject based on a short period of research, usually soon after graduation. If students wish to become academics and perhaps teach in a university, then they will work for a higher degree, a Doctor of Philosophy — a Ph. D. For this they will have to carry out some important research work.

2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

освітній центр, готувати інженерів, вугільна промисловість, енергетика, будівництво, лісне господарство, якісні зміни, потребувати, денне навчання, заочне навчання.

3. Make up sentences from the following words. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Branch, polytechnic, learning, is offered by, and, institutions, higher, education, technical, of, higher.

2. Technology, engineers, a new type, of, science, and, apart, production, from, cannot, modern, be trained.

3. Ukrainian, at present, train, engineers, technical, in, more, than, institutes, fields, 240.

4. Group the following words in three columns: nouns, verbs, adjectives.

Education, is offered, polytechnic, technology, general, to train, qualitative, type, would combine, is given, number, recent, offer, variety, young, specific, full-time, specialist, degree, prepare, to be trained.

5. Answer the following questions:

1. What types of educational centers are polytechnic institutes?

2. What has happened in the period of qualitative changes?

3. What is the difference between college education and university education?

Section 2

1. Read and translate the following text:

THE CENTENARY OF THE KYIV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

In September of 1998 the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, having obtained the status of a National Technical University of Ukraine in 1995, celebrates its 100th anniversary.

The appearance of the Kiev Polytechnic Institute of the Emperor Alexander II, as well as the Warsaw and the Saint Petersburg Polytechnic Institutes, at the boundary of the 19th and 20th centuries was caused by the entire course of the economic development of Russia. The rapid development of production required a great number of engineers, technicians, agronomists. The 11 technical colleges of that time trained a total of 5,497 students, and more than one third of engineer's positions in Russia were occupied by foreign specialists.

The moment it was founded the KPI had 4 departments - Mechanical, Chemical, Engineering, and Agricultural - at which 360 students were trained. Now the KPI has 28,000 students at 25 faculties in 96 disciplines. The KPI is the leading institution of higher education in Ukraine, training specialists not only in technical disciplines, but also in the humanities. Pioneering in switching over to a stepped specialist training system, the KPI became a training-and-research center of technical education in Ukraine, a proving ground for working through novel pedagogical ideas in the training of bachelors, specialists and masters, as well as holders of candidate's and doctor's degrees.

Over its history the KPI has trained 200,000 specialists. Prominent scientists and teachers have brought glory to the KPI all over the world. The KPI first Principal was a distinguished scientist in the field of mechanics, strength of materials and graphostatics, one of the organizers of the higher education in Russia - V. L. Kirpichov.

The world famous leading lights of science D. I. Mendeleyev, M.Y.Zhukovsky, A. O. Kovalevsky, K. A. Timiryazev took part in the creation of the institute. The aircraft designers D. P. Grigorovich, M. I. Sigorsky, O.S.Kudashev, mechanics S.P.Timoshenko, K. K. Silinsky, Y. O. Paton, such metallurgists as V.P.Izhevsky, V.Y.Vasilyev worked at the KPI at different times. The well-known academicians S. P. Korolyov, B. Y. Paton, I. P. Bardin, A.V.Vinter, A. M. Lyulka, many other renowned scientists studied at the KPI.

At different times, 12 technical colleges in Kharkiv, Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Vinnitsa, Cherkasy and Zhytomyr separated from the KPI and became independent.

Now 5 academicians and 10 corresponding members of the Ukraine's National Academy of Sciences, 28 members of other academies, more than 200 professors, and 1000 senior lecturers work at the KPI. Up to 15 research workers of the KPI defend their theses for a doctor's degree, and up to 70 - their theses for a candidate's degree annually.

The international ties of the KPI chairs extend to all the continents - the KPI has cooperation agreements with 54 partner institutions in 22 countries. Each year up to 1,000 students, post-graduate students and practical student trainees are trained at the KPI.

2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

здобувати статус, на межі, швидкий розвиток, підготовка спеціалістів, приносити славу, відомі науковці, щорічно, міжнародні зв’язки, угода про співпрацю.

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