Определите, являются ли следующие утверждения верными в соответствии с текстом упражнения 4.

1. Coking units use hydrogen to desulfurize naphtha from atmospheric distillation.

2. Alkylation unit converts linear molecules to higher-octane branched molecules for blending into gasoline or feed to alkylation units.

3. Wastewater collection and treating systems are used to make discharge water suitable for reuse or for disposal.

4. Visbreaking unit upgrades heavy residual oils by thermally cracking them into lighter, more valuable using hydrogen.

5. Desalting is the first process of oil refinery.

Передайте на русском языке основное содержание текста упражнения 4.

8. Переведите с листа на русский язык следующий отрывок, сопоставляя текст с рисунками 11.2 – 11.4.

Before the actual refining begins, the stored heavy crude oil is cleaned of contaminants such as salts and water. This clean crude feedstock is heated first by heat exchanger, then, secondly, by piping through a furnace which heats the crude oil even more. Oil is injected from this furnace into the flash tower. The high temperature produces the chemical splitting of the crude oil into petroleum gas and remaining liquid.

Fig. 11.2. Petroleum stabilization  

All the produced substances are removed from the flash tower; the petroleum gas completes its refining time there; the liquid is sent to the atmospheric tower (fractionating tower). In the fractionating tower the liquid is subjected to further heating that causes it to “fractionate”.

Fig. 11.3. Atmospheric fractionation

Thus the following substances (lightest to heaviest or from the top of the tower to the bottom) are produced: straight run gasoline, kerosene distillate, light gas oil or diesel distillate and residuum. The residuum is called mazut. Products are collected according to their density, with the least dense products such as straight run gasoline being taken off closer to the top of the fractionating tower, with the heavier materials such as the diesel distillate being taken off closer to the tower’s bottom.

The mazut heated by another furnace is sent to a vacuum tower, where vacuum gas oil or oil fractions are extracted from it. The remaining tar leaves from the bottom of the column.

Fig. 11.4. Vacuum fractionation

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