Give the examples of biomagnification of some elements.

3. What are the main sources of contamination with heavy metals in the environment?

Find some more information on the impact of on human organism.

mercury;

cadmium;

thallium;

lead;

arsenic;

selenium;

vanadium;

chromium

Work in pairs. Write 6 questions on the text above.

Act your dialogue using the expressions of agreement and disagreement.

A) Name the main principles of toxicokinetics. Characterise each of them.

B) You will hear the description of the process taking place at each stage of toxicokinetics. Decide which description corresponds to what principle.

a) Absorption

b) Distribution

c) Metabolism

d) Excretion

14. a) Name the organs involved in each stage of toxicokinetics.

Example: Absorption may occur through …

B) Describe the processes of toxicokinetics using the picture.

WORDLIST

Biomagnification	бионакопление, биоаккумуляция
Bolus	пищевая масса, кусок пищи
By-product	побочный продукт
Eliminate	устранять
Excretion	выведение, экскреция
Exposure	подвергание воздействию, экспозиция
Food web	пищевая сеть
Framework	структура, точка отсчета
Hazard	опасность, риск
Host	организм-хозяин, реципиент
Host defences	иммунная защита организма
Infusion	вливание, введение
Ingestion	прием пищи, глотание
Input	ввод, вход
Intravenous	внутривенный
Metabolite	метаболит, продукт обмена веществ
Pathway	путь, прохождение, траектория
Risk assessment	оценка рисков
Scope	рамки, границы
Sequestration	секвестрация, отторжение
Target organ	орган-мишень
Tissue	ткань
Uptake	поглощение, ввод
Xenobiotic	ксенобиотик, чужеродное вещество

REFERENCES

1. Dara S.S. A Textbook of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control. Delhi, 2001.

2. Lower S. K. Survey of Environmental Geobiochemistry. Simon Fraser University, 2004.

3. Mascull B. Key Words in Science and Technology. The University of Birmingham, 1997.

4. Положинцев Б. И. Introduction to ecology. СПб.: Химера, 1999.

5. Evans V., Dooley J. Enterprise 4. Express publishing, 1998.

6. E. A. Keller, D.B. Botkin. Essential Environmental Science. John Wieley & Sons, Inc., 2007.

7. Essentials of Medical Geology. Elsevier Inc., 2005.

8. Rye D., Greenall S. CAE: Listening and Speaking Skills, 2004.

9. Fowler W.S. New Fowler proficiency. Listening and speaking, 2003.

10. Johnson C.N. & D. General Engineering. Prentice Hall, Europe, 1998.

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